Fundamentals & Core Principles Flashcards

What term describes the minimum diameter at which a specific explosive will reliably detonate?

Answer: Critical diameter

Critical diameter is the minimum charge diameter below which a detonation wave cannot be sustained in a given explosive.

Which property of an explosive indicates its ability to do work as measured by the volume of gas produced per unit mass?

Answer: Gas volume

Gas volume (moles of gas per kilogram) is a key measure of an explosive's work capacity, as expanding gases do the mechanical work.

What is the primary purpose of a booster in an explosive train?

Answer: To amplify the initiation signal to reliably detonate a less-sensitive main charge

A booster bridges the gap between a relatively weak initiator and a less-sensitive main explosive charge by amplifying the detonation wave.

The Trauzl lead block test is used to measure which explosive property?

Answer: Strength (work capacity)

The Trauzl lead block test measures the volume expansion in a lead block caused by an explosive, providing a relative measure of strength.

Which chemical compound is commonly used as a sensitizer in ANFO to increase its sensitivity and performance?

Answer: Aluminum powder

Aluminum powder is added to ANFO to increase its energy output and sensitivity, producing aluminum oxide and additional heat.

What does the term 'oxygen balance' refer to in explosive chemistry?

Answer: The ratio of oxidizer to fuel in a mixture expressed as a percentage

Oxygen balance is the percentage by weight of excess or deficient oxygen in an explosive after complete oxidation of all combustible elements.

In explosives classification, what distinguishes a 'high explosive' from a 'low explosive'?

Answer: High explosives detonate supersonically; low explosives deflagrate subsonically

High explosives undergo detonation—a supersonic reaction wave—while low explosives deflagrate at subsonic speeds through rapid burning.