Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real CSFA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology flashcards as text
Which nerve is at risk during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy when the cystic duct is being dissected near the hepatoduodenal ligament?
Answer: Vagus nerve branches
Vagal branches run along the hepatoduodenal ligament and can be damaged during dissection near the cystic duct.
The lymphatic drainage of the lower rectum primarily flows to which lymph node group?
Answer: Internal iliac nodes
The lower rectum drains primarily to the internal iliac (hypogastric) lymph nodes, which is clinically significant in rectal cancer staging.
Which layer of the abdominal wall is absent in the posterior sheath below the arcuate line?
Answer: Posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
Below the arcuate line, all aponeurotic layers pass anterior to the rectus muscle, leaving only transversalis fascia posteriorly.
During a radical prostatectomy, which anatomical structure must be carefully preserved to maintain urinary continence?
Answer: External urethral sphincter
The external urethral sphincter (rhabdosphincter) is the primary muscle responsible for continence after radical prostatectomy since the internal sphincter is typically disrupted.
The ductus arteriosus connects which two vascular structures in fetal circulation?
Answer: Pulmonary artery to aorta
The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs.
Which muscle forms the floor of the femoral triangle and lies deep to the femoral vessels?
Answer: Iliopsoas
The iliopsoas muscle forms the floor of the lateral portion of the femoral triangle, with the pectineus forming the medial floor.
What is the clinical significance of the recurrent laryngeal nerve's relationship to the inferior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy?
Answer: The nerve has variable relationships to the artery requiring careful identification
The recurrent laryngeal nerve has a highly variable relationship to the inferior thyroid artery, requiring visual identification before ligation to prevent vocal cord paralysis.