FREE Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Hypothesis Testing Applications Questions and Answers Flashcards
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A Black Belt wants to determine if a new supplier's material thickness differs from the current supplier's specification of 2.5 mm. Which hypothesis test is most appropriate?
Answer: One-sample t-test
A one-sample t-test compares a sample mean against a known or specified population value.
When conducting a hypothesis test comparing defect rates across three production shifts, which test should be applied?
Answer: Chi-square test of independence
A chi-square test of independence evaluates whether categorical outcomes like defect rates differ across multiple groups.
A team suspects that calibrating equipment before each run reduces measurement variation. They measure variation before and after calibration on the same instruments. Which test applies?
Answer: Paired t-test
A paired t-test is used when comparing two related measurements taken on the same subjects.
In a hypothesis test, a Black Belt obtains a p-value of 0.03 with a significance level of 0.05. What is the correct conclusion?
Answer: Reject the null hypothesis
When the p-value is less than the significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected.
A process improvement team wants to verify whether the variance of fill weights has been reduced after implementing a new filling nozzle. Which test is most appropriate?
Answer: F-test (or Levene's test)
An F-test or Levene's test compares variances between two samples to determine if they differ significantly.
A Black Belt increases sample size from 30 to 120 while keeping significance level constant. What is the primary effect on the hypothesis test?
Answer: Power of the test increases
Increasing sample size reduces standard error, making it easier to detect a true difference and thus increasing statistical power.