Medical Procedures and Techniques Flashcards

Which of the following methods is used to sterilize instruments and equipment by subjecting them to steam under pressure?

Answer: Autoclaving

Autoclaving is the most effective method for sterilizing heat-stable instruments and equipment. It uses high-pressure saturated steam to kill all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, ensuring a completely sterile environment. Disinfection reduces microorganisms, sanitization cleans, and fumigation uses gas for pest control, not medical sterilization.

What is the purpose of the Allen test before drawing blood from the radial artery?

Answer: To ensure collateral circulation to the hand

The Allen test is performed before drawing blood from the radial artery to assess the patency of the ulnar artery. This ensures that if the radial artery is compromised during the procedure, the hand will still receive adequate blood supply through collateral circulation, preventing ischemia. It is a crucial safety measure.

Which of the following instruments is used to examine the interior of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve?

Answer: Ophthalmoscope

An ophthalmoscope is a specialized instrument used to examine the interior structures of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels. This allows healthcare providers to detect various eye conditions and systemic diseases. A stethoscope is for listening, an otoscope for the ear, and a laryngoscope for the larynx.

What is the correct sequence of steps for performing hand hygiene using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer?

Answer: Apply sanitizer, rub hands, allow to air dry

The correct sequence for using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer involves applying the product to the palm, rubbing hands together thoroughly to cover all surfaces, and allowing them to air dry completely. There is no rinsing with water involved, as this would dilute the sanitizer's effectiveness. This method ensures proper hand hygiene.

Which technique is used to assess the size, shape, and consistency of internal organs by tapping the body's surface?

Answer: Percussion

Percussion is the technique of tapping on the body's surface to produce sounds that help assess the size, shape, and consistency of underlying organs. The sounds elicited provide clues about the presence of air, fluid, or solid masses. Auscultation involves listening, palpation involves feeling, and inspection involves visual examination.

Which of the following positions is commonly used for a pelvic examination?

Answer: Sims position

The Sims position, where the patient lies on their left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up, is commonly used for rectal examinations and sometimes for vaginal examinations. This position provides good access to the perineal area. The prone position is face down, supine is face up, and Trendelenburg involves the head being lower than the feet.

Which instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer: Sphygmomanometer

A sphygmomanometer is the medical instrument specifically designed to measure blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable cuff, a manometer to display pressure, and a bulb for inflation. An otoscope examines the ear, an ophthalmoscope examines the eye, and a reflex hammer tests reflexes.

What is the primary purpose of performing a capillary puncture?

Answer: To collect small amounts of blood for testing

The primary purpose of performing a capillary puncture is to collect small amounts of blood for various diagnostic tests. This method is less invasive than venipuncture and is commonly used for point-of-care testing, such as blood glucose monitoring, or for infants and young children. It is not used for large volume blood draws or arterial blood gas samples.

Which of the following is a technique used to obtain a small sample of tissue for microscopic examination?

Answer: Biopsy

A biopsy is a medical procedure that involves removing a small sample of tissue from the body for microscopic examination by a pathologist. This technique is crucial for diagnosing diseases, especially cancer, by analyzing the cellular structure of the tissue. Phlebotomy is blood drawing, radiography is imaging, and electrocardiography measures heart activity.

Which of the following instruments is used to measure lung function and airflow?

Answer: Spirometer

A spirometer is the instrument specifically designed to measure lung function and airflow. It assesses how much air a person can inhale and exhale, and how quickly they can exhale. This information is vital for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD.

What is the purpose of a tourniquet during venipuncture?

Answer: To restrict blood flow

During venipuncture, a tourniquet is applied to restrict venous blood flow, causing the veins to distend and become more prominent. This makes it easier to locate, palpate, and access the vein for successful blood collection. It does not clean the skin, anchor the vein, or directly dilate it, but rather pools blood to make it more visible.

Which of the following methods is used to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a sterile field?

Answer: Aseptic technique

Aseptic technique refers to a set of practices and procedures performed to prevent contamination from microorganisms and maintain a sterile field. Its purpose is to minimize the risk of infection by preventing the introduction of pathogens during medical procedures. Sterilization kills all microbes, while disinfection and antiseptic techniques reduce them on surfaces or living tissue, respectively.

What is the purpose of the Trendelenburg position?

Answer: To improve blood circulation in the lower extremities

The Trendelenburg position involves placing the patient on their back with the head lower than the feet. This position is primarily used to promote venous return to the heart, improve blood circulation to the brain, and manage hypotension or shock by shifting blood volume towards the upper body. It is not for airway maintenance or lower airway drainage.

Which of the following techniques involves examining the external genitalia and vagina using a lighted instrument?

Answer: Colposcopy

Colposcopy is the technique that involves examining the external genitalia, vagina, and cervix using a colposcope, a lighted, magnified instrument. This procedure is often performed to further investigate abnormal Pap test results or to visualize suspicious lesions. A pelvic examination is a general physical exam, a Pap smear collects cells, and hysteroscopy examines the inside of the uterus.

What is the recommended procedure for administering intradermal injections?

Answer: Insert the needle at a shallow angle under the skin

Intradermal injections are administered into the dermis, the layer just beneath the epidermis. To ensure the medication remains in this shallow layer and forms a characteristic wheal, the needle must be inserted at a very shallow angle, typically 10-15 degrees. Injecting at a steeper angle would place the medication too deep, into the subcutaneous tissue or muscle.

What is the purpose of performing the "Snellen eye chart" test?

Answer: To assess visual acuity

The Snellen eye chart is a standardized tool specifically designed to measure visual acuity, which is the sharpness or clarity of a person's vision. By presenting letters of decreasing size at a set distance, it helps determine how well an individual can discern details. This test is fundamental in identifying refractive errors and other vision impairments.