Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

What is the term for the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body?

Answer: Abduction

Abduction is the movement of a limb or part away from the body's midline, such as raising the arm laterally.

The liver produces which substance critical for fat digestion that is stored in the gallbladder?

Answer: Bile

Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the duodenum to emulsify dietary fats.

Which blood cells are primarily responsible for immune defense against bacterial infections?

Answer: Neutrophils

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and serve as first responders, phagocytizing bacteria at infection sites.

The process by which cells engulf and destroy large particles such as bacteria is called:

Answer: Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the cellular process where phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) engulf and digest pathogens or debris.

Which organ is responsible for detoxifying ammonia by converting it to urea?

Answer: Liver

The liver converts toxic ammonia (a byproduct of protein metabolism) into urea via the urea cycle, which is then excreted by the kidneys.

The innermost layer of the uterus, which is shed during menstruation, is called the:

Answer: Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner mucous membrane of the uterus that proliferates each cycle and is shed if fertilization does not occur.

Which anatomical term describes a position closer to the point of origin or attachment of a limb?

Answer: Proximal

Proximal describes a location closer to the point of attachment to the trunk; for example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.