Water Treatment and Quality Flashcards
6 cards from real CHT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Water Treatment and Quality flashcards as text
What does the term 'rejection rate' refer to in reverse osmosis?
Answer: Percentage of dissolved solids removed by the membrane
RO rejection rate is the percentage of dissolved solids that the membrane removes from the feed water, typically 95–99%.
Which chemical is NOT required to be tested in dialysis product water by AAMI/ISO standards?
Answer: Caffeine
AAMI/ISO standards specify testing for a defined list of chemical contaminants including metals and anions, but caffeine is not among them.
What is the purpose of a break point chlorination test in dialysis water treatment?
Answer: Determine the chloramine removal capacity of carbon tanks
Break point chlorination testing verifies that the activated carbon tanks can adequately remove chloramine before it reaches the RO membrane.
High aluminum levels in dialysis water can cause which serious patient complication?
Answer: Dialysis dementia and bone disease
Aluminum toxicity from dialysis water causes dialysis dementia (encephalopathy) and adynamic bone disease.
What is the acceptable conductivity range for dialysate used in standard hemodialysis?
Answer: 13–17 mS/cm
Standard hemodialysate conductivity ranges from approximately 13 to 17 mS/cm, reflecting the ionic concentration of properly diluted concentrate.
What is the primary reason dialysis facilities use two activated carbon tanks in series rather than one?
Answer: To provide redundancy so the second tank catches breakthrough from the first
Two carbon tanks in series provide a safety margin, with the second tank acting as a backup if the first becomes exhausted and allows chloramine breakthrough.