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Cryptography and Security Flashcards

7 cards from real CBCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cryptography and Security flashcards as text

  1. What is the role of a nonce in blockchain proof-of-work mining?

    Answer: It is a number miners vary to find a hash meeting the difficulty target

    Miners repeatedly change the nonce (number used once) until the resulting block hash falls below the network's difficulty target.

  2. Which property of a cryptographic hash function means that finding the input from a given output is computationally infeasible?

    Answer: Preimage resistance

    Preimage resistance means that given a hash output H, it is computationally infeasible to find any input m such that hash(m) = H.

  3. In zero-knowledge proofs used in blockchain privacy, what does the 'completeness' property guarantee?

    Answer: If the statement is true, an honest prover will always convince an honest verifier

    Completeness in ZKP means that if the statement is true and both parties are honest, the verifier will accept the proof with high probability.

  4. What distinguishes a deterministic wallet from a non-deterministic wallet?

    Answer: Deterministic wallets generate all keys from a single seed, enabling full backup from one phrase

    Deterministic wallets derive all private keys from a single seed, so one backup phrase recovers all addresses, unlike non-deterministic wallets which require backing up each key.

  5. What is the main security concern with reusing a nonce in the ECDSA signing algorithm?

    Answer: It allows recovery of the private key from two signatures sharing the same nonce

    If two ECDSA signatures use the same nonce k, an attacker can algebraically solve for and recover the signer's private key.

  6. Which consensus mechanism relies on cryptographic Verifiable Random Functions (VRF) to select block producers?

    Answer: Algorand's Pure Proof of Stake

    Algorand uses VRFs to cryptographically and randomly select validators for each round in an unpredictable, verifiable way.

  7. What is the purpose of a commitment scheme in blockchain protocols?

    Answer: To allow a party to commit to a value while keeping it hidden, then reveal it later verifiably

    Commitment schemes let a party bind to a secret value (hiding property) and later reveal it in a way that cannot be changed (binding property).