Special Education Fundamentals & Inclusion Strategies Flashcards

A student with an emotional disturbance begins to escalate during a math lesson. According to a crisis prevention approach, what should the paraprofessional do FIRST?

Answer: Use calming strategies and de-escalation techniques as outlined in the student's BIP

Following the student's Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) with de-escalation strategies is the appropriate first response during an escalation.

Which federal law prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs receiving federal funding and applies to schools beyond just special education services?

Answer: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Section 504 prohibits disability discrimination in federally funded programs and provides accommodations even for students who do not qualify for IDEA services.

A paraprofessional is fading prompts for a student learning to independently complete a daily living task. What is the CORRECT sequence for fading prompts?

Answer: Physical → Gestural → Verbal → Independent

The most-to-least prompt hierarchy fades from most intrusive (physical) to least intrusive prompts, then to independence.

What is 'peer-mediated instruction' and why is it beneficial for students with disabilities in inclusive settings?

Answer: A structured approach where trained peers provide academic and social support to classmates with disabilities

Peer-mediated instruction uses trained peers to support academic learning and social integration, promoting natural inclusion and reducing stigma.

A student with a visual impairment is included in a science lab activity. Which accommodation would MOST directly support the student's safe participation?

Answer: Provide tactile materials, large-print instructions, or a lab partner trained in sighted guide techniques

Tactile materials and trained peer support allow the student with visual impairment to actively and safely participate in the lab.

Under IDEA, what is the timeline for completing an initial evaluation after parental consent is received?

Answer: 60 calendar days (or state-specified timeline)

IDEA requires initial evaluations to be completed within 60 days of receiving parental consent, unless the state has established a different timeline.

Which behavior management approach focuses on teaching replacement behaviors rather than simply eliminating problem behaviors?

Answer: Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS)

PBIS emphasizes teaching and reinforcing appropriate replacement behaviors rather than solely using consequences to suppress problem behaviors.