Phonological Awareness & Phonics Instruction Flashcards

A grapheme is best defined as:

Answer: A letter or combination of letters that represents a single phoneme

A grapheme is a letter or group of letters (such as 'sh,' 'ch,' or 'igh') that together represent one phoneme in the writing system.

Analytic (whole-to-part) phonics instruction:

Answer: Begins with whole words already known to students and then identifies common phonics patterns within them

Analytic phonics starts with whole words that students already recognize and then analyzes the phonics patterns contained within those words, moving from whole to part.

Digraphs are defined as:

Answer: Two letters — consonants or vowels — that together represent one phoneme

Digraphs are two letters that together represent a single phoneme, such as 'sh,' 'ch,' 'th,' 'ph,' or the vowel digraph 'ea.'

Phoneme segmentation drills primarily help students:

Answer: Break spoken words into their individual phonemes and identify each one

Phoneme segmentation drills build the ability to identify and separate all individual sounds within spoken words, a critical foundation for both reading (decoding) and spelling (encoding).

An open syllable is one that:

Answer: Ends with a vowel sound, which typically produces the long vowel sound

An open syllable ends with a vowel that is not closed off by a consonant in that syllable; the vowel typically says its long sound, as in 'me,' 'no,' or 'ba-' in 'baby.'

Phoneme substitution involves:

Answer: Replacing one phoneme in a word with a different phoneme to create a new word

Phoneme substitution means replacing one phoneme in a word with another phoneme, such as changing /k/ to /b/ in 'cat' to produce 'bat.'

Research consistently shows that students with dyslexia benefit most from:

Answer: Explicit, systematic phonics instruction integrated with multisensory techniques

Extensive research — including findings from the National Reading Panel and structured literacy frameworks — consistently supports that explicit, systematic phonics instruction combined with multisensory approaches is most effective for students with dyslexia.