CCT Measurement Uncertainty & Error Analysis 2

Question 1

Systematic errors in measurement are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Consistent, repeatable offsets in one direction that do not average out

Answer

Random, unpredictable deviations that cancel out with averaging

Answer

Errors caused solely by the observer's reading technique

Answer

Errors that only occur in digital instruments

Question 2

The most effective way to reduce the contribution of random errors to a measurement result is to:

Accepted Answer

Take multiple measurements and compute the mean

Answer

Recalibrate the instrument more frequently

Answer

Replace all analog components with digital ones

Answer

Apply a zero offset correction factor

Question 3

The resolution uncertainty contribution from a digital display device is typically estimated as:

Accepted Answer

Half the last significant digit divided by √3

Answer

One full last digit divided by √6

Answer

The last digit divided by 2

Answer

Two last digits divided by √12

Question 4

What is 'expanded uncertainty' in a calibration report?

Accepted Answer

The combined standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor to provide a stated confidence interval

Answer

The uncertainty before applying sensitivity coefficients

Answer

The maximum possible error of the instrument under all conditions

Answer

The uncertainty contributed only by the reference standard

Question 5

Hysteresis error in a measuring instrument is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Differences in readings when approaching the same value from increasing versus decreasing directions

Answer

Temperature changes affecting component dimensions

Answer

Electrical noise introduced by nearby equipment

Answer

Wear on contact surfaces over time

Question 6

Linearity error in an instrument refers to:

Accepted Answer

Deviation of the instrument's response from a best-fit straight line across its range

Answer

The inability of the instrument to read below a certain threshold

Answer

Differences between the instrument's reading and the previous reading

Answer

Error introduced by misalignment of the sensor axis

Question 7

In the context of uncertainty analysis, sensitivity coefficients (∂f/∂xi) are used to:

Accepted Answer

Account for how much each input quantity influences the combined output uncertainty

Answer

Convert measurements from one unit system to another

Answer

Determine the minimum number of repeated measurements needed

Answer

Establish the traceability chain to national standards