CCRN Acute Respiratory Failure 3

Question 1

By the Berlin definition, ARDS is characterized by bilateral infiltrates and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of:

Accepted Answer

≤ 300 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5

Answer

> 400 mmHg

Answer

≤ 500 mmHg without PEEP

Answer

Any ratio with unilateral infiltrates

Question 2

The Berlin criteria require that ARDS-related respiratory failure is NOT fully explained by:

Accepted Answer

Cardiac failure or fluid overload

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Aspiration

Question 3

Which lung-protective tidal volume target is recommended for a patient with ARDS?

Accepted Answer

6 mL/kg of predicted body weight

Answer

12 mL/kg of actual body weight

Answer

15 mL/kg of predicted body weight

Answer

3 mL/kg of predicted body weight

Question 4

In ARDS lung-protective ventilation, plateau pressure should generally be kept below:

Accepted Answer

30 cm H2O

Answer

50 cm H2O

Answer

60 cm H2O

Answer

15 cm H2O

Question 5

Which positioning intervention improves oxygenation and mortality in moderate-to-severe ARDS?

Accepted Answer

Prone positioning

Answer

Continuous left lateral positioning

Answer

Reverse Trendelenburg only

Answer

Flat supine for 24 hours

Question 6

Permissive hypercapnia during ARDS ventilation is acceptable as long as:

Accepted Answer

pH remains within a tolerable range (generally > 7.20)

Answer

PaCO2 stays below 40

Answer

Tidal volume is increased to normalize CO2

Answer

The patient is fully awake

Question 7

What is the primary pathophysiologic hallmark of the exudative phase of ARDS?

Accepted Answer

Increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability with protein-rich edema

Answer

Pure cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Answer

Bronchospasm and air trapping

Answer

Pleural effusion accumulation