Color Theory & Formulation Flashcards

Which hair condition would cause an artificial color to grab unevenly, appearing darker or more saturated on the ends?

Answer: Porous or over-processed ends

Over-processed, porous ends absorb color faster and more intensely, resulting in uneven, darker ends.

What does 'double-process color' refer to in cosmetology?

Answer: Lightening the hair first, then applying toner or color in a separate step

Double-process coloring involves prelightening and then applying a toner or color in a separate, second step.

Which developer volume is most commonly used for a standard permanent color application with no lift intended?

Answer: 20-volume (6%)

20-volume developer is the standard for permanent color when 1–2 levels of lift and full deposit are needed.

A client wants to add red color to dark brown level 4 hair without pre-lightening. What is a realistic outcome?

Answer: A subtle red reflect or sheen may be visible in the right light

On dark hair, red pigment deposits but the dark base suppresses vibrancy, resulting in only a subtle red reflect.

Which hair color classification requires no mixing with a developer and is classified as a direct dye?

Answer: Semi-permanent color

Semi-permanent colors are direct dyes that require no developer and simply coat the outside of the hair shaft.

When performing a retouch on a client who previously had a warm copper color applied, the colorist should:

Answer: Apply color to the new growth only to avoid over-processing previously colored hair

Color retouches should target new growth only to prevent buildup, banding, and over-processing of previously colored hair.

Which term describes the small color molecules in demi-permanent color that allow it to partially penetrate the cuticle without fully entering the cortex?

Answer: Micro-pigments or small oxidative dyes

Demi-permanent colors use small oxidative pigment molecules activated by low-volume developer that partially penetrate the cuticle layer.