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TCP/IP & OSI Model Layers Flashcards

7 cards from real CCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which OSI layer handles the syntax and semantics of data exchanged, including encryption and compression?

    Answer: Presentation layer

    The Presentation layer (Layer 6) is responsible for data format translation, encryption, and compression.

  2. UDP is preferred over TCP in applications where:

    Answer: Low latency matters more than guaranteed delivery

    UDP's connectionless, low-overhead nature makes it ideal for real-time applications like VoIP and video streaming where speed outweighs reliability.

  3. What is the purpose of the ICMP protocol in the TCP/IP suite?

    Answer: Reporting network errors and diagnostic information

    ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used to send error messages and operational information about network conditions, as used by ping and traceroute.

  4. In OSI terminology, the unit of data at the Data Link layer is called a:

    Answer: Frame

    The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the Data Link layer is called a frame, which includes the MAC header and trailer.

  5. Which field in the IPv4 header identifies the higher-layer protocol (e.g., TCP, UDP) carried in the payload?

    Answer: Protocol

    The Protocol field in the IPv4 header indicates which transport-layer protocol (TCP=6, UDP=17, ICMP=1) is encapsulated.

  6. Sliding window flow control in TCP is designed to:

    Answer: Allow multiple unacknowledged segments to be in transit simultaneously

    The sliding window mechanism allows a sender to transmit multiple segments before receiving acknowledgments, improving throughput over high-latency links.

  7. What distinguishes a Layer 2 switch from a Layer 3 switch?

    Answer: A Layer 3 switch can forward packets based on IP addresses in addition to MAC addresses

    A Layer 3 switch performs routing by examining IP addresses, enabling inter-VLAN routing, while a Layer 2 switch forwards only based on MAC addresses.