Mixed Deck — All CCP Topics Flashcards

What is the purpose of the Banker's Algorithm?

Answer: To avoid deadlock by ensuring the system stays in a safe state

The Banker's Algorithm is a deadlock avoidance technique that grants resources only if the resulting state is safe.

Which term describes the process of testing disaster recovery plans through simulation without actually switching over production systems?

Answer: Tabletop exercise

A tabletop exercise is a discussion-based session where team members walk through a disaster scenario verbally to identify gaps without disrupting operations.

Why is software architecture important?

Answer: To create a blueprint for software system design

Software architecture is crucial because it provides a high-level blueprint and structure for the entire software system. It defines the major components, their relationships, and how they interact, guiding the development process and ensuring consistency. A well-defined architecture is essential for achieving desired system qualities like scalability, maintainability, and performance.

A CCTV system in a server room is used primarily as which type of security control?

Answer: Detective and deterrent

CCTV is detective (records activity for review) and deterrent (discourages misconduct when people know they are being recorded).

Which type of relationship in ER modeling requires a junction (bridge) table for implementation in a relational database?

Answer: Many-to-many relationship

Many-to-many relationships cannot be directly represented in relational tables and require a junction table containing foreign keys from both related entities.

In object-oriented design, what does the principle of 'encapsulation' mean?

Answer: Bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit and restricting direct access

Encapsulation bundles data (attributes) and behavior (methods) together and hides internal implementation details from the outside world.

Which phase of the SDLC involves converting the approved design into executable code?

Answer: Implementation

The Implementation (or Coding) phase is where developers translate design specifications into actual source code.

What is the key length used by AES-256?

Answer: 256 bits

AES-256 uses a 256-bit key, which is the longest standard key size for AES and provides the highest security level of the AES variants.

A decision support system (DSS) differs from a transaction processing system (TPS) primarily because a DSS:

Answer: Supports unstructured or semi-structured managerial decisions

A DSS is designed to help managers analyze data and make complex, often ad hoc decisions, unlike TPS which handles routine operational transactions.

Which design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it?

Answer: Singleton

The Singleton pattern restricts instantiation of a class to one object and provides a global access point.

What is object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Answer: Programming using objects and classes

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects,' which can contain data (attributes) and code (methods). It organizes software design around data rather than functions and logic, promoting modularity, reusability, and easier maintenance through concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. OOP is widely used for developing complex applications.

What is the difference between a process and a thread?

Answer: Threads share the address space of their process; processes have separate address spaces

Threads within a process share code, data, and heap segments, while separate processes each have their own address space.

What does the TTL field in an IP packet header primarily control?

Answer: Maximum number of router hops before discard

TTL (Time To Live) is decremented by each router; when it reaches zero the packet is discarded, preventing infinite routing loops.

What is the best-case time complexity of Bubble Sort when an early-exit optimization is used?

Answer: O(n)

With an early-exit flag, Bubble Sort detects a fully sorted array in one pass and terminates, achieving O(n) best-case.

What is normalization in databases?

Answer: Organizing data to minimize redundancy

Normalization in databases is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves structuring tables and columns according to a series of normal forms, which helps eliminate duplicate data and reduce anomalies during data insertion, update, or deletion. This optimization ensures data consistency and efficient storage.

In which cloud service model does the customer have the MOST control over the technology stack?

Answer: IaaS

IaaS gives customers the most control, including over the OS, middleware, runtime, and applications, while the provider only manages the physical infrastructure.

Which of the following is a high-level programming language?

Answer: Python

Python is considered a high-level programming language because it uses syntax that is closer to human language and abstracts away many low-level computer details. This makes it easier for programmers to write and understand code compared to low-level languages like Assembly or Machine Code. High-level languages prioritize programmer productivity and readability.

Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end error detection and flow control between two hosts?

Answer: Transport layer

The Transport layer (Layer 4) provides end-to-end error detection, flow control, and reliable data delivery between hosts.

What is the main advantage of using a microservices architecture over a monolithic architecture?

Answer: Independent deployment and scaling of individual services

Microservices allow each service to be developed, deployed, and scaled independently, enabling greater flexibility and fault isolation.

In software testing, what is 'unit testing'?

Answer: Testing individual components or functions in isolation

Unit testing validates individual functions or components in isolation to ensure each unit works correctly on its own.