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Valvular Pathology Assessment Flashcards

7 cards from real CCI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which Doppler finding is most characteristic of severe mitral stenosis?

    Answer: Pressure half-time >220 ms

    A pressure half-time greater than 220 ms corresponds to a mitral valve area of approximately 1.0 cm² or less, indicating severe mitral stenosis.

  2. In a patient with aortic regurgitation, which echocardiographic measurement is most predictive of the need for surgical intervention?

    Answer: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter >50 mm

    An LV end-systolic diameter greater than 50 mm (or indexed >25 mm/m²) is a Class I indication for surgery in asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation per ACC/AHA guidelines.

  3. The continuity equation is used primarily to calculate which valve area?

    Answer: Aortic valve area

    The continuity equation (AVA = LVOT area × LVOT VTI / AV VTI) is the standard method for calculating aortic valve area by echocardiography.

  4. Which condition is most commonly associated with rheumatic mitral stenosis?

    Answer: Commissural fusion with leaflet thickening

    Rheumatic disease causes commissural fusion, leaflet thickening, and subvalvular disease, producing the classic 'hockey stick' anterior leaflet deformity.

  5. A patient has a peak aortic valve gradient of 52 mmHg with an AVA of 0.9 cm² but an LVEF of 30%. How should this be classified?

    Answer: Low-flow, low-gradient severe AS

    Reduced stroke volume from low EF produces low gradients despite true severe stenosis, classifying this as low-flow, low-gradient severe AS requiring dobutamine stress echo for confirmation.

  6. Which finding on color Doppler distinguishes functional from organic mitral regurgitation?

    Answer: Central jet in functional vs. eccentric jet in organic

    Functional MR produces a central regurgitant jet due to symmetric leaflet tethering, while organic MR from leaflet prolapse typically produces an eccentric jet directed away from the prolapsing leaflet.

  7. In tricuspid regurgitation severity assessment, a vena contracta width of >7 mm indicates:

    Answer: Severe tricuspid regurgitation

    A vena contracta width greater than 7 mm is a specific marker of severe tricuspid regurgitation by ASE 2017 guideline criteria.