Crop Growth and Development Flashcards

Vernalization is the process by which flowering is promoted by:

Answer: Extended exposure to low temperatures

Vernalization requires a prolonged period of cold temperatures to satisfy the plant's requirement before it can flower.

The R1 growth stage in soybeans is characterized by:

Answer: Beginning bloom (one open flower at any node)

R1 in soybeans marks the beginning bloom stage when one open flower is visible at any node on the main stem.

What is the primary role of the endosperm in a seed?

Answer: Provides nutrients to support embryo germination and early seedling growth

The endosperm is a nutrient storage tissue that supplies energy and nutrients to the embryo during germination.

Apical dominance in plants is maintained primarily by which hormone?

Answer: Auxin (IAA)

Auxin produced by the apical bud suppresses lateral bud growth, a phenomenon known as apical dominance.

Which of the following crops is classified as a C4 plant with higher photosynthetic efficiency under hot, dry conditions?

Answer: Corn (maize)

Corn is a C4 plant that uses a more efficient carbon fixation pathway, giving it a competitive advantage in hot, sunny, and water-limited environments.

Leaf area index (LAI) is defined as:

Answer: Total one-sided leaf area per unit ground area

LAI is the total one-sided area of leaf tissue per unit surface area of land, used to quantify canopy density.

During seed germination, the radical is the first structure to emerge and develops into the:

Answer: Primary root

The radicle is the embryonic root that emerges first during germination and develops into the plant's primary root system.