Basic Flashcards

Which law states that the algebraic sum of all currents entering and leaving a node equals zero?

Answer: Kirchhoff's Current Law

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is based on conservation of charge: all current entering a junction must equal all current leaving it.

What is the purpose of a Zener diode in a circuit?

Answer: Regulate voltage by allowing reverse breakdown at a fixed voltage

A Zener diode operates in reverse breakdown at a stable, predictable voltage, making it ideal for voltage regulation.

In biomedical equipment, which frequency range is used by most diathermy units?

Answer: 300 kHz – 5 MHz

Surgical diathermy (electrosurgical units) operates in the radiofrequency range of approximately 300 kHz to 5 MHz to cut and coagulate tissue without nerve stimulation.

Which mathematical relationship describes exponential decay in an RC circuit?

Answer: V(t) = V₀ × e^(-t/RC)

Voltage across a discharging capacitor decays exponentially as V(t) = V₀ × e^(-t/RC), where RC is the time constant.

What is the function of an op-amp configured in a non-inverting amplifier topology?

Answer: Amplifies the input signal with positive gain and no phase inversion

A non-inverting op-amp configuration amplifies the input signal with gain = 1 + (Rf/Rin) and maintains the same phase as the input.

What is the meaning of 'Type CF' applied part classification according to IEC 60601-1?

Answer: Floating applied part suitable for direct cardiac contact, defibrillation-proof

Type CF applied parts have the strictest leakage current limits and are defibrillation-proof, making them safe for direct cardiac application.

Which gas law states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature?

Answer: Boyle's Law

Boyle's Law (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂) describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.