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Applied Behavior Analysis Foundations & Principles Flashcards

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  1. Which of the following best defines 'operant conditioning' as used in Applied Behavior Analysis?

    Answer: Learning through consequences that follow a behavior, increasing or decreasing its future frequency

    Operant conditioning involves learning based on the consequences (reinforcement or punishment) that follow a behavior, which alter the probability of that behavior recurring.

  2. The term 'behavior' in ABA is defined as:

    Answer: Any observable and measurable action or response of an organism

    ABA defines behavior strictly as anything an organism does that is observable and measurable, excluding internal mental states that cannot be directly observed.

  3. What does the term 'environment' refer to in the context of ABA?

    Answer: Any events or stimuli, internal or external, that influence behavior

    In ABA, 'environment' broadly encompasses any stimulus or event — physical, social, or biological — that can influence behavior.

  4. Which characteristic of ABA ensures that behavior change is meaningful to the individual and society?

    Answer: Applied

    The 'applied' dimension of ABA, as described by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968), means the behavior targeted for change must be socially significant.

  5. A behavior analyst notices that every time a child throws a tantrum, the parent gives the child a toy. Over time, tantrums increase. This is an example of:

    Answer: Positive reinforcement

    Positive reinforcement occurs when a stimulus (toy) is added following a behavior (tantrum), resulting in an increase in that behavior over time.

  6. In ABA, the 'three-term contingency' refers to:

    Answer: Antecedent, behavior, and consequence

    The three-term contingency (ABC) describes the relationship between the Antecedent (what comes before), the Behavior, and the Consequence (what follows), which is the core unit of analysis in ABA.

  7. Which of the following is an example of a 'respondent behavior'?

    Answer: A dog salivating when it hears a bell previously paired with food

    Respondent behaviors are elicited automatically by prior stimuli through classical conditioning, such as salivating in response to a conditioned stimulus.