Chemical Bonding Flashcards
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Read the first 5 Chemical Bonding flashcards as text
Which type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?
Answer: Covalent bond
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically an octet. This sharing occurs predominantly between nonmetal atoms and results in the formation of molecules.
What type of bond is created when one atom donates an electron to another atom?
Answer: Ionic bond
An ionic bond is formed when one atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. These cations (positive) and anions (negative) are then held together by strong electrostatic attraction.
What type of bond involves the electrostatic attraction between delocalized electrons and positively charged metal ions?
Answer: Metallic bond
A metallic bond is characterized by the electrostatic attraction between a 'sea' of delocalized valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions. These free-moving electrons are responsible for the unique properties of metals, such as high electrical conductivity and malleability.
Which of the following molecules is held together by a polar covalent bond?
Answer: H₂O
A polar covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms due to a difference in electronegativity. In H₂O, oxygen is significantly more electronegative than hydrogen, pulling the shared electrons closer to itself and creating partial negative and positive charges within the molecule.
Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?
Answer: A weak bond between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and a highly electronegative atom in another molecule
A hydrogen bond is a weak intermolecular force that forms when a hydrogen atom, already covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like O, N, or F) in one molecule, is attracted to another highly electronegative atom in a different molecule. This attraction is crucial for many biological and chemical properties, such as water's high boiling point.