CAPM Quality Management & Control Flashcards

Which of the following best describes 'continuous improvement' (kaizen) in quality management?

Answer: Small, ongoing improvements to processes throughout the project

Kaizen (continuous improvement) focuses on making small, incremental process improvements continuously rather than through large, infrequent changes.

A histogram in quality management is used to:

Answer: Show the shape and distribution of data values

A histogram is a bar chart that shows the frequency distribution of a data set, helping teams understand the shape, central tendency, and spread of data.

What does 'fitness for use' mean in the context of quality?

Answer: A product or service satisfies the real needs for which it is intended

Fitness for use (a concept from Joseph Juran) means that a product or service effectively meets the customer's actual needs and intended purpose.

Which quality theorist introduced the concept of 'zero defects' and the principle that 'quality is free'?

Answer: Philip Crosby

Philip Crosby introduced the zero defects concept and argued in his book Quality Is Free that the cost of poor quality far exceeds the cost of prevention.

In quality management, what is the rule of seven (or rule of 7) on a control chart?

Answer: Any seven consecutive data points on one side of the mean signal a process out of control

The rule of seven states that seven consecutive data points all on the same side of the mean (above or below) indicate a non-random trend and a process likely out of statistical control.

What is the relationship between quality and grade in project management?

Answer: Low quality is always a problem; low grade may not be

Quality refers to meeting requirements; grade refers to the category of features—a product can be low grade (few features) but high quality (meets its specifications reliably).