Environmental Law & Regulations Flashcards
7 cards from real CAP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Environmental Law & Regulations flashcards as text
Under the Clean Air Act, which regulatory mechanism specifically requires major stationary sources in non-attainment areas to install the most stringent emission controls?
Answer: Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)
LAER applies in non-attainment areas and is more stringent than BACT, requiring the lowest emission rate achieved by similar sources regardless of cost.
The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows developed countries to meet emission targets by funding projects in which type of nations?
Answer: Developing (non-Annex I) countries
CDM enables Annex I countries to invest in emission-reduction projects in non-Annex I (developing) countries and claim the resulting credits.
Which U.S. executive order first directed federal agencies to measure and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and set sustainability goals?
Answer: Executive Order 13514
Executive Order 13514 (2009) set the first comprehensive GHG reduction targets for federal agencies, requiring them to report Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions.
Under California's Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), which agency is primarily responsible for implementing the state's cap-and-trade program?
Answer: California Air Resources Board (CARB)
CARB is designated as the lead agency under AB 32 and administers California's cap-and-trade program.
The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Phase IV (2021–2030) introduced the Innovation Fund, which is primarily financed through revenues from auctioning how many allowances?
Answer: 400 million
The Innovation Fund is financed by auctioning approximately 400 million EU ETS allowances over 2020–2030 to support low-carbon technology deployment.
Under U.S. SEC climate disclosure rules, which Scope of GHG emissions must be disclosed only if material or if targets include them?
Answer: Scope 3
The SEC's 2024 climate disclosure rule requires Scope 3 disclosure only when material or included in the company's climate targets, unlike Scope 1 and 2 which are mandatory.
The Montreal Protocol's Kigali Amendment, which entered into force in 2019, targets the phasedown of which substances relevant to climate change?
Answer: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
The Kigali Amendment extended the Montreal Protocol to cover HFCs, potent greenhouse gases used as refrigerants that replaced ozone-depleting substances.