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CALT Reading Fluency and Decoding Development Flashcards

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  1. According to Chall's Stages of Reading Development, which stage is characterized by 'learning to read' through decoding and sight word instruction?

    Answer: Stage 1 – Initial Reading and Decoding

    Chall's Stage 1 (Initial Reading and Decoding) spans roughly grades 1–2 and focuses on connecting letters to sounds and building a basic sight word bank.

  2. Automaticity in word recognition, as described by LaBerge and Samuels, is important because it:

    Answer: Frees cognitive resources for comprehension by reducing the mental effort required to decode words

    Automaticity allows decoding to occur with minimal cognitive effort, freeing working memory capacity for the higher-level process of comprehension.

  3. A CALT assessing reading fluency would primarily evaluate which three components?

    Answer: Accuracy, rate, and prosody

    Reading fluency is defined by the National Reading Panel as comprising accuracy, rate (speed), and prosody (expressive, meaningful reading).

  4. Which reading fluency intervention has the strongest research support for students with dyslexia?

    Answer: Repeated oral reading with corrective feedback

    Repeated oral reading with immediate corrective feedback is the most evidence-based fluency intervention, improving accuracy, rate, and prosody for struggling readers.

  5. The Orton-Gillingham approach introduces phonogram cards to build automaticity in phoneme-grapheme correspondences. This directly targets which component of fluency?

    Answer: Accuracy at the phoneme and grapheme level

    Phonogram card drills build automatic, accurate mapping of sounds to letters, which is the foundation of accurate decoding essential to reading fluency.

  6. Oral reading fluency (ORF) norms are typically expressed as:

    Answer: Words correct per minute (WCPM) by grade level

    ORF is measured in words correct per minute (WCPM), and grade-level norms provide benchmarks for determining whether a student's fluency is on track.