Automotive Systems and Parts Flashcards

What does an OBD-II diagnostic port allow an appraiser to check?

Answer: Stored trouble codes and readiness monitors

The OBD-II port provides access to stored diagnostic trouble codes and emissions readiness monitor status.

OBD-II became mandatory on all new light-duty vehicles sold in the United States beginning with which model year?

Answer: 1996

OBD-II was required on all U.S. cars and light trucks starting with the 1996 model year.

Which component in an automatic transmission transfers engine power to the transmission through fluid coupling?

Answer: Torque converter

The torque converter uses transmission fluid to couple the engine to the transmission and multiply torque.

Dark brown transmission fluid with a burnt smell found during an appraisal inspection typically indicates what?

Answer: Overheated or degraded fluid and possible internal wear

Healthy ATF is usually red or pink; dark, burnt-smelling fluid signals overheating and likely internal wear.

A milky, light-brown substance on the underside of the oil filler cap most likely indicates which problem?

Answer: Coolant mixing with engine oil

A milkshake-like residue usually means coolant is contaminating the oil, often from a head gasket or cracked head.

Which braking component converts hydraulic pressure into clamping force on a disc brake system?

Answer: Caliper

The caliper's pistons receive hydraulic pressure and squeeze the pads against the rotor.

What is the main purpose of an anti-lock braking system (ABS)?

Answer: Prevent wheel lockup so the driver maintains steering control

ABS modulates brake pressure to keep wheels from locking, preserving steering control during hard braking.