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Quality Assurance and Improvement Flashcards

7 cards from real C2 practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which lean quality concept focuses on building quality into each step of the process rather than inspecting quality in at the end?

    Answer: Jidoka

    Jidoka (autonomation) empowers workers and machines to detect abnormalities and stop production to prevent defects from propagating.

  2. The Taguchi loss function suggests that quality loss:

    Answer: Occurs any time a product deviates from its target value, even within spec

    Taguchi's loss function is parabolic — any deviation from the nominal target causes some societal loss, not just spec violations.

  3. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Risk Priority Number (RPN) is calculated as:

    Answer: Severity × Occurrence × Detection

    RPN = Severity × Occurrence × Detection, with each factor rated 1–10, yielding a risk score from 1 to 1,000.

  4. When implementing a corrective action, which step should come immediately after identifying the root cause?

    Answer: Developing permanent corrective actions to address the root cause

    After root cause confirmation, permanent corrective actions targeting that cause must be developed and implemented.

  5. In a quality management context, 'effectiveness' of a corrective action is best verified by:

    Answer: Confirming that the problem has not recurred over a meaningful period of time

    Effectiveness verification requires evidence — typically monitoring over time — to confirm the root cause was eliminated and the problem did not recur.

  6. Which of the following is an example of a leading quality indicator rather than a lagging quality indicator?

    Answer: Number of open corrective actions aged over 30 days

    Open aged corrective actions signal unresolved systemic risks before they manifest as defects, making it a leading indicator.

  7. A company wants to compare the average defect rate of two independent production lines to determine if there is a statistically significant difference. The most appropriate test is:

    Answer: Two-sample t-test

    A two-sample t-test compares the means of two independent groups to determine if any observed difference is statistically significant.