BMST - Basic Math and Science Earth's Geological Cycles Questions and Answers

Question 1

A geologist discovers a rock layer containing distinct fossils of ancient sea creatures. This rock was most likely formed through which process?

Accepted Answer

The compaction and cementation of sand and shell fragments.

Answer

The alteration of existing rock by intense heat and pressure.

Answer

The rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface.

Answer

The cooling and solidification of molten magma deep underground.

Question 2

What is the primary source of energy that drives the Earth's water cycle?

Accepted Answer

Solar radiation from the Sun

Answer

Geothermal heat from the Earth's core

Answer

The gravitational pull of the Moon

Answer

Wind patterns and air pressure differences

Question 3

Which of the following processes is a key component of the carbon cycle that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis by plants

Answer

Combustion of fossil fuels

Answer

Respiration by animals

Answer

Decomposition of organic matter

Question 4

When an existing rock, such as sandstone, is subjected to intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth's crust, it transforms into a much harder and more compact rock, like quartzite. What is this geological process called?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Lithification

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Crystallization

Question 5

At a subduction zone, an oceanic plate is forced beneath a continental plate, where it melts into magma. This magma rises and erupts from a volcano on the continental plate. The resulting volcanic rock is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Extrusive Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Intrusive Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 6

On a humid day, a student observes that the outside of a glass of ice water becomes wet. This formation of liquid water droplets from water vapor in the air is an example of which process in the water cycle?

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Transpiration