Immunology Flashcards
7 cards from real Biology Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Immunology flashcards as text
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation?
Answer: Type I
Type I hypersensitivity (immediate hypersensitivity) involves IgE antibodies bound to mast cells, which degranulate upon allergen re-exposure.
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
Answer: Suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity
Regulatory T cells suppress excessive immune responses and maintain self-tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases.
Which complement pathway is activated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)?
Answer: Lectin pathway
The lectin pathway is activated when mannose-binding lectin recognizes mannose residues on microbial surfaces.
During an immune response, affinity maturation occurs in which structure?
Answer: Germinal centers of lymph nodes
Affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers where B cells undergo somatic hypermutation and selection for higher-affinity antibodies.
Which molecule serves as a co-receptor for CD4+ T cells during antigen recognition?
Answer: MHC class II
CD4 binds to MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, stabilizing the interaction between the T cell receptor and the antigen-MHC complex.
What is opsonization in the context of innate immunity?
Answer: Coating pathogens with antibodies or complement to enhance phagocytosis
Opsonization involves coating pathogens with opsonins (antibodies or complement proteins like C3b) to enhance recognition and phagocytosis by phagocytes.
Which interleukin is primarily responsible for driving the differentiation of naive T cells into Th17 cells?
Answer: TGF-β + IL-6
The combination of TGF-β and IL-6 drives naive T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells, which produce IL-17 and play roles in inflammation and defense against extracellular bacteria.