Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Flashcards
7 cards from real BCACP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cardiovascular Risk Reduction flashcards as text
A patient with peripheral artery disease (ABI = 0.75) and hypertension needs antihypertensive therapy. Which drug class is NOT contraindicated in PAD and can be used safely?
Answer: All of the above
All major antihypertensive classes including ACE inhibitors, CCBs, and beta-blockers can be used in PAD; the priority is achieving BP control.
A patient taking clopidogrel after coronary stent placement is prescribed omeprazole for GI protection. What is the main pharmacokinetic concern?
Answer: Omeprazole inhibits CYP2C19 reducing clopidogrel activation
Omeprazole inhibits CYP2C19, the enzyme responsible for converting clopidogrel to its active metabolite, potentially reducing antiplatelet efficacy.
Which lifestyle intervention has the MOST evidence for reducing LDL-C without medication?
Answer: Reducing dietary saturated fat
Reducing dietary saturated fat has the strongest evidence for lowering LDL-C among lifestyle interventions, replacing it with unsaturated fats provides additional benefit.
In a patient with HFrEF on optimal medical therapy, which medication class has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and mortality with a unique mechanism involving sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibition?
Answer: SGLT2 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce HF hospitalizations and CV mortality in HFrEF via osmotic diuresis and cardiac effects.
A patient is prescribed sacubitril/valsartan for HFrEF. What is the required washout period before starting this drug if the patient was previously taking an ACE inhibitor?
Answer: 36 hours
A 36-hour washout period is required after stopping an ACE inhibitor before starting sacubitril/valsartan to prevent life-threatening angioedema.
Which antithrombotic strategy is recommended for a patient 12 months after drug-eluting stent placement who has a low bleeding risk?
Answer: Aspirin monotherapy only
After 12 months of DAPT post-DES in stable patients, guidelines recommend transitioning to aspirin monotherapy for long-term secondary prevention.
A patient with resistant hypertension (BP uncontrolled on 3 medications including a diuretic) is being evaluated. Which additional agent should be considered as fourth-line therapy?
Answer: Spironolactone
Spironolactone is recommended as fourth-line therapy for resistant hypertension based on evidence from the PATHWAY-2 trial showing superior BP reduction.