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Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Flashcards

7 cards from real BCACP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 58-year-old patient with hypertension and CKD (eGFR 35 mL/min) needs antihypertensive therapy. Which agent provides both BP control and renoprotection?

    Answer: ACE inhibitor

    ACE inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure and proteinuria, providing renoprotection in CKD patients with hypertension.

  2. According to ACC/AHA guidelines, which 10-year ASCVD risk threshold defines high risk and warrants statin initiation in primary prevention?

    Answer: ≥7.5%

    A 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% is the threshold for considering statin therapy in primary prevention per ACC/AHA guidelines.

  3. A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a subtherapeutic INR of 1.5. Which dietary change most likely contributed?

    Answer: Increased green leafy vegetable intake

    Green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which antagonizes warfarin's anticoagulant effect and lowers the INR.

  4. Which class of medications is preferred for secondary prevention after a myocardial infarction to reduce mortality?

    Answer: Beta-blockers

    Beta-blockers reduce mortality after MI by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, preventing arrhythmias, and reducing reinfarction risk.

  5. A 65-year-old male with diabetes and hypertension has a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 450 mg/g. Which agent is MOST appropriate to add?

    Answer: Dapagliflozin

    SGLT2 inhibitors like dapagliflozin have demonstrated cardiorenal protective benefits including reduction of albuminuria and CKD progression.

  6. Which lipid parameter is most directly associated with atherogenesis and is the primary treatment target in cardiovascular risk reduction?

    Answer: LDL-C

    LDL-C is the primary atherogenic lipoprotein and the principal target of lipid-lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk.

  7. A patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) asks about dietary modifications. What is the recommended daily sodium limit?

    Answer: Less than 2,000–3,000 mg/day

    ACC/AHA guidelines recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,000–3,000 mg/day in HFrEF patients to reduce fluid retention and hospitalizations.