Infectious Disease and Immunization Management Flashcards

Which vaccine is recommended annually for all adult patients in the ambulatory care setting regardless of age?

Answer: Influenza

The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months and older, making it the most universally recommended adult vaccine.

A 65-year-old immunocompetent patient with no prior pneumococcal vaccine history presents to clinic. Which pneumococcal vaccination sequence is recommended per current ACIP guidelines?

Answer: PCV15 followed by PPSV23 at least 1 year later, or PCV20 alone

Current ACIP guidelines recommend either PCV15 + PPSV23 (≥1 year apart) or PCV20 alone for pneumococcal-naive adults aged ≥65.

Which antibiotic class is considered first-line for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in an outpatient adult with no comorbidities?

Answer: Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)

Macrolides are first-line for outpatient CAP in otherwise healthy adults without risk factors for drug-resistant S. pneumoniae.

A patient is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which monitoring parameter is most important in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

Answer: Serum creatinine and potassium

TMP-SMX can increase serum creatinine (by blocking tubular secretion) and potassium, requiring close monitoring in CKD patients.

What is the recommended post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) window for HIV initiation after a high-risk exposure?

Answer: Within 72 hours

HIV PEP must be initiated within 72 hours of exposure and continued for 28 days to be effective.

Which vaccine requires a 2-dose series given 2–6 months apart and is preferred over the older zoster vaccine for shingles prevention in adults ≥50?

Answer: Shingrix (RZV)

Shingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine) is preferred over Zostavax with >90% efficacy and a 2-dose schedule recommended for adults ≥50.