Pediatric Anesthesia Considerations Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Pediatric Anesthesia Considerations flashcards as text
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric patients during anesthesia?
Answer: Laryngospasm leading to hypoxia
Laryngospasm causing hypoxia is the leading cause of anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children.
In a 4-year-old child, which inhalation agent has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient, allowing for fastest induction?
Answer: Desflurane
Desflurane has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient (0.42), enabling the fastest emergence, though it is not typically used for inhalation induction due to airway irritability.
A 3-year-old (15 kg) requires fluid resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock. What is the initial IV crystalloid bolus dose?
Answer: 300 mL (20 mL/kg)
PALS guidelines recommend 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid as the initial bolus for pediatric hemorrhagic or distributive shock.
Which condition is MOST associated with subglottic stenosis in a neonate requiring intubation?
Answer: Prior prolonged intubation in the NICU
Prolonged neonatal intubation is the most common acquired cause of subglottic stenosis due to mucosal pressure injury.
At what corrected gestational age is a formerly premature infant considered safe to receive outpatient surgery without mandatory postoperative apnea monitoring?
Answer: 60 weeks
Most institutions require former preemies to reach 60 weeks postconceptual age before outpatient anesthesia without overnight apnea monitoring.
Which agent is preferred for rapid sequence induction in a pediatric patient with a full stomach when succinylcholine is contraindicated?
Answer: Rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg
High-dose rocuronium (1.2 mg/kg) provides intubating conditions within 60 seconds and is the preferred succinylcholine alternative for pediatric RSI.
A child with a known peanut allergy presents for appendectomy. Which anesthetic agent carries the highest risk of cross-reactivity?
Answer: Propofol
Propofol's lipid emulsion contains soybean oil and egg lecithin; while cross-reactivity with peanut allergy is debated, it warrants caution and informed discussion.