Basic Nursing Skills Nutrition & Fluid Balance

Question 1

A patient has a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes this as:

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of dehydration include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Bounding pulse

Answer

Decreased urine output

Answer

Dry mucous membranes

Answer

Increased skin turgor loss

Question 3

Which IV fluid is isotonic and used for fluid replacement and maintenance?

Accepted Answer

0.9% NaCl (normal saline)

Answer

0.45% NaCl (half normal saline)

Answer

D5W (5% dextrose in water)

Answer

3% NaCl (hypertonic saline)

Question 4

The nurse is assessing a patient for fluid overload. Which finding supports this assessment?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral edema and crackles in the lungs

Answer

Decreased blood pressure

Answer

Sunken eyes and dry mouth

Answer

Poor skin turgor and dark urine

Question 5

A diet high in which mineral is the most important dietary modification for a patient with hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Sodium restriction

Answer

Potassium restriction

Answer

Calcium restriction

Answer

Iron restriction

Question 6

Which lab value best reflects a patient's long-term nutritional status and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Serum albumin

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Blood glucose

Answer

Serum creatinine