B.S.W.E. Bachelor of Software Engineering Programming Languages & Paradigms 3

Question 1

What is the correct distinction between concurrency and parallelism?

Accepted Answer

Concurrency is about managing multiple tasks; parallelism is about executing multiple tasks simultaneously

Answer

Concurrency uses multiple processors; parallelism uses a single processor with interleaving

Answer

Concurrency applies only to I/O-bound work; parallelism applies only to CPU-bound work

Answer

They are synonymous terms used interchangeably in modern computing

Question 2

What is 'lazy evaluation' in programming language semantics?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating an expression only when its result is actually needed

Answer

Evaluating all function arguments before invoking the function

Answer

Skipping type checks at runtime to improve throughput

Answer

Caching the results of all previous function calls automatically

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes a 'macro' in programming languages?

Accepted Answer

A code transformation rule applied by a preprocessor or compiler before execution

Answer

A keyboard shortcut sequence recorded in an IDE

Answer

A large function that bundles many operations for reuse

Answer

A fixed-iteration loop construct found in systems languages

Question 4

What is 'type inference' in statically typed programming languages?

Accepted Answer

The compiler's ability to deduce variable types from context without explicit annotations

Answer

Automatically converting values between incompatible types at runtime

Answer

Inferring the number of arguments a function accepts from call sites

Answer

Detecting type mismatches during program execution rather than at compile time

Question 5

What is the actor model of concurrency?

Accepted Answer

A model where concurrent entities communicate exclusively through asynchronous message passing with no shared state

Answer

A model where concurrent threads share memory protected by mutexes and semaphores

Answer

A single-threaded event loop model that processes callbacks sequentially

Answer

A model where functions execute in parallel pipelines without any communication

Question 6

What does 'metaprogramming' mean in the context of programming languages?

Accepted Answer

Writing programs that generate, analyze, or transform other programs as data

Answer

Writing programs optimized to run faster than typically compiled code

Answer

Documenting code using structured annotation syntax parsed by external tools

Answer

Programming at the assembly level to gain direct hardware control

Question 7

What does the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) state?

Accepted Answer

Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of a subclass without altering program correctness

Answer

Subclasses must override every method defined in their parent class

Answer

A class should inherit from no more than one parent class to avoid ambiguity

Answer

Interfaces should always be defined and stabilized before any implementing class is written