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Welding Processes Flashcards

7 cards from real AWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In GMAW (MIG welding), what does the term 'short-circuit transfer' describe?

    Answer: The wire electrode periodically contacts the weld pool, causing the arc to extinguish and re-ignite

    Short-circuit transfer occurs when the wire electrode touches the molten pool, extinguishing the arc momentarily before re-igniting as the wire burns back.

  2. Which shielding gas is most commonly used for GMAW of carbon steel in the US?

    Answer: 75% argon / 25% CO₂

    A 75% Ar / 25% CO₂ mixture (C25) is the most widely used shielding gas for GMAW on carbon steel, providing good arc stability and penetration.

  3. What is the primary advantage of the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) process over solid-wire GMAW?

    Answer: Higher deposition rates and better performance in outdoor/windy conditions

    FCAW provides higher deposition rates than solid-wire GMAW and, with self-shielded variants, can be used outdoors where wind would disrupt external shielding gas coverage.

  4. During GTAW (TIG welding), what is the purpose of the high-frequency (HF) start?

    Answer: To initiate the arc without the tungsten electrode touching the workpiece

    HF start ionizes the shielding gas to initiate the arc while the tungsten is still held away from the base metal, preventing tungsten contamination.

  5. In submerged arc welding (SAW), what covers the arc and molten metal during welding?

    Answer: A granular flux that completely submerges the arc

    SAW uses a granular flux that covers and submerges the arc, protecting the weld metal, reducing spatter, and allowing very high deposition rates.

  6. Which welding process is best suited for joining thin sheet metal (under 1/8 inch) with minimal distortion?

    Answer: Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)

    GTAW provides precise heat control and low heat input, making it ideal for thin materials where distortion and burn-through must be minimized.

  7. What is 'spray transfer' in GMAW and at what current level does it typically occur?

    Answer: A high-current, high-voltage mode where fine droplets are propelled axially across the arc

    Spray transfer occurs above a threshold current (the transition current) where fine droplets are propelled rapidly and axially across the arc, producing high deposition rates and a smooth bead.