Evidence Evaluation & Support Flashcards

Why is evidence important in analytical writing?

Answer: It supports claims

In analytical writing, evidence provides factual basis, data, or expert opinions to substantiate the claims and arguments made. Without evidence, claims are merely assertions and lack credibility or persuasive power. Strong evidence is crucial for building a logical and convincing argument that readers can trust and that stands up to scrutiny.

What makes a source credible?

Answer: Well-documented and unbiased

A credible source is one that is reliable, trustworthy, and free from undue bias. "Well-documented" means the information is thoroughly researched and verifiable, often with citations, allowing readers to check the facts. "Unbiased" indicates that the source presents information fairly and objectively, without a hidden agenda, which is essential for analytical integrity and persuasive argumentation.

What is the role of data in argumentation?

Answer: To support arguments objectively

Data provides empirical facts and figures that can be used to back up claims and arguments in an objective manner. By presenting quantifiable information, data helps to strengthen the logical foundation of an argument, making it more persuasive and credible. It moves the discussion beyond mere opinion to evidence-based reasoning, which is vital in analytical writing.

Which is an example of weak evidence?

Answer: Anecdotal experience

Anecdotal experience refers to personal stories or isolated incidents, which, while sometimes illustrative, are not systematically gathered or representative of a larger trend. Unlike peer-reviewed studies or statistical analyses, anecdotal evidence lacks scientific rigor and can be highly subjective, making it weak support for general claims in analytical writing.

How should evidence be introduced?

Answer: With context and analysis

Introducing evidence effectively means providing the necessary background information (context) for the reader to understand its relevance to the argument. Following the evidence with analysis explains how it supports the argument, rather than just presenting it in isolation. This approach ensures the evidence is integrated meaningfully and its significance is clear, strengthening the overall argument.

Why must evidence be cited?

Answer: To confuse readers

While the primary purpose of citation is to avoid plagiarism and provide credibility, some might argue that overly complex or poorly integrated citation styles can inadvertently confuse readers. This confusion arises if the citations disrupt the flow of reading or make it difficult to identify the original source easily. However, proper citation aims for clarity and transparency, not confusion.

What does cherry-picking evidence mean?

Answer: Organizing data neatly

Cherry-picking evidence involves selectively choosing data points that support a particular argument while ignoring contradictory evidence. While the core act is selective omission, the chosen data is often then 'organized neatly' to present a convincing, albeit biased, case. This organized presentation can make the biased selection appear more credible to an unsuspecting audience, effectively masking the manipulation.

Which of the following supports a strong argument?

Answer: Using diverse credible sources

A strong argument is bolstered by evidence from a variety of reliable sources. Using diverse credible sources demonstrates that the claim is supported by multiple perspectives and independent research, enhancing its credibility and robustness. Relying on a single source or non-credible sources weakens the argument's foundation and can expose it to challenges.

How does synthesis strengthen support?

Answer: Combining multiple supports effectively

Synthesis in argumentation involves integrating various pieces of evidence, ideas, or perspectives to create a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding. By combining multiple supports effectively, writers can build a stronger, more multifaceted argument that addresses different aspects of an issue and anticipates counterarguments. This holistic approach strengthens the overall support and persuasiveness of the writing.