Statistical Reasoning and Probability Flashcards
6 cards from real AQL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Statistical Reasoning and Probability flashcards as text
What is the difference between 'correlation' and 'causation'?
Answer: Correlation shows two variables move together; causation means one variable directly causes the other
Correlation means two variables tend to change together, but causation requires evidence that one variable directly produces a change in the other.
In statistics, an 'outlier' is best described as:
Answer: A data point that is far removed from the rest of the data set
An outlier is an unusually high or low value relative to the rest of the data, which can significantly affect the mean and range of a data set.
A bag contains 5 red marbles and 3 blue marbles. What is the probability of randomly selecting a blue marble?
Answer: 3/8
There are 3 blue marbles and 8 total marbles (5 + 3), so the probability = 3/8.
What does a 'sample' represent in statistical research?
Answer: A subset of the population selected for study
A sample is a smaller, selected subset of a larger population, used to make inferences about the whole group.
Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values (outliers)?
Answer: Mean
The mean is calculated using all data values, so a single extreme outlier can pull it significantly up or down, making it sensitive to outliers.
If the probability of event A occurring is 0.3, what is the probability that event A does NOT occur?
Answer: 0.7
The complement rule states that P(not A) = 1 − P(A) = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7.