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Data Visualization and Interpretation Flashcards

7 cards from real AP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A frequency table shows that 18 out of 60 students chose 'online learning' as their preferred format. The relative frequency is:

    Answer: 0.30

    Relative frequency = 18/60 = 0.30, which represents 30% of the students.

  2. Two histograms have the same mean but Histogram A has a larger standard deviation than Histogram B. Visually, Histogram A would appear:

    Answer: Shorter and wider than Histogram B.

    A larger standard deviation means greater spread, so the histogram is wider (more dispersed) and shorter (same total area).

  3. A scatterplot shows data clustered tightly around a line with negative slope. The correlation coefficient r is closest to:

    Answer: r = −0.95

    A tight cluster around a negatively sloped line indicates a strong negative linear association, corresponding to r near −1.

  4. A stemplot uses split stems (each stem appears twice). The upper split contains leaves 0–4 and the lower split contains leaves 5–9. What is the primary advantage of splitting stems?

    Answer: It provides a more detailed picture of the distribution's shape.

    Splitting stems creates more rows, giving a finer view of how data are distributed within each stem interval.

  5. A conditional distribution table shows that among females, 60% prefer comedy and 40% prefer action. Among males, 30% prefer comedy and 70% prefer action. This suggests:

    Answer: Genre preference and gender appear to be associated.

    Different conditional distributions across groups (males vs. females) indicate an association between the two categorical variables.

  6. A time plot of a company's quarterly profits shows values that randomly fluctuate above and below the mean with no consistent trend or pattern. This is best described as:

    Answer: Random variation around a constant level.

    Random fluctuation around a constant mean with no discernible trend or cycle indicates random variation (no systematic pattern).

  7. A student claims that because the bar for 'Category A' in a bar chart is twice as tall as the bar for 'Category B', Category A is twice as frequent. This claim is valid only if:

    Answer: The y-axis starts at zero.

    Bar heights only accurately represent proportional differences when the y-axis begins at zero; a truncated axis distorts visual ratios.