AP Exams (General Structure) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: In a narrative, 'in medias res' means the story begins:

With a flashback to childhood
After the climax has passed
At the chronological beginning
In the middle of the action (Correct answer)

Correct answer: In the middle of the action

In medias res is Latin for 'in the midst of things,' starting amid the action.

Question 2: What does it mean to evaluate the structure of a passage?

Reading the passage aloud
Analyzing the organization of the passage (Correct answer)
Translating the passage to English
Looking at the passage’s length

Correct answer: Analyzing the organization of the passage

Evaluating the structure of a passage means analyzing how the author has organized the information and ideas presented. This includes identifying elements like the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, as well as the logical flow and patterns such as cause and effect or comparison. Understanding structure helps readers follow the author's argument and grasp the relationships between different parts of the text.

Question 3: Which use of video technology MOST effectively supports AP student exam preparation for free-response questions?

Playing subject-related educational games
Watching AP exam highlight reels
Recording and self-reviewing timed FRQ practice responses to identify rhetorical gaps (Correct answer)
Watching feature films related to the subject matter

Correct answer: Recording and self-reviewing timed FRQ practice responses to identify rhetorical gaps

Self-review of recorded timed FRQ practice builds metacognitive awareness of argument structure and pacing critical to AP exam performance.

Question 4: Which sentence correctly uses the French conditional to express a polite request?

Vous voulez m'aider ?
Vous vouliez m'aider ?
Vous voulez bien m'aider !
Vous voudriez m'aider ? (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Vous voudriez m'aider ?

Voudriez (conditional of vouloir) softens a request to make it more polite, equivalent to 'Would you like to help me?'

Question 5: In an ecosystem, which trophic level has the most energy?

Primary consumers
Decomposers
Secondary consumers
Producers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Producers

Producers (autotrophs) have the most energy as they capture it directly from sunlight.

Question 6: Which of the following adaptations is least likely to be present in a creature that inhabits a hot, arid environment?

Short loops of Henle to maximize water secretion (Correct answer)
Storage of water in fatty tissues
Large ears to aid in heat dispersion
Long loops of Henle to maximize water reabsorption

Correct answer: Short loops of Henle to maximize water secretion

Animals in hot, arid environments need to conserve water to survive. Long loops of Henle are an adaptation that allows for greater reabsorption of water from the filtrate, producing highly concentrated urine and minimizing water loss. Short loops of Henle, conversely, would lead to less water reabsorption and increased water secretion, which would be detrimental in a desert environment.

Question 7: A reaction has ΔH = +50 kJ and ΔS = +150 J/K. At what approximate temperature does it become spontaneous?

Never
Below 333 K
At 0 K
Above 333 K (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Above 333 K

Setting ΔG = 0, T = ΔH/ΔS = 50000/150 ≈ 333 K, spontaneous above this.

Question 8: Which of the following best sums up the passage's tone?

Humanistic and reverent (Correct answer)
Optimistic and provincial
Bombastic and idiomatic
Laudatory and sentimental

Correct answer: Humanistic and reverent

John Muir's writings about nature, particularly Yosemite, are characterized by a profound sense of wonder, respect, and almost spiritual devotion to the natural world. A "humanistic" tone reflects his deep appreciation for nature's intrinsic value and its connection to human experience, while "reverent" perfectly captures his awe and veneration for the majesty and sacredness he perceived in the wilderness.

Question 9: An industry whose location is not strongly tied to raw materials or markets, such as software development, is described as:

Primary
Bulk-reducing
Bulk-gaining
Footloose (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Footloose

Footloose industries can locate almost anywhere because they are not tied to specific resources or markets.

Question 10: The author makes reference to UNICEF's Child-Friendly Schools to

request more funding for a nascent initiative
praise the United States for its help promoting education for boys and girls
describe how the idea of gender inclusiveness can be implemented (Correct answer)
point out a program that is dated and no longer working

Correct answer: describe how the idea of gender inclusiveness can be implemented

UNICEF's Child-Friendly Schools initiative is widely recognized for its holistic approach to education, which includes promoting gender equality and inclusiveness. By referencing this program, the author uses it as a concrete and successful example to illustrate how the principles of gender inclusiveness in educational settings can be effectively translated into practical implementation, providing a model for others.

Question 11: Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

DNA
rRNA
tRNA (Correct answer)
mRNA

Correct answer: tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching codons on mRNA.

Question 12: Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait?

Directional selection
Artificial selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Disruptive selection

Disruptive selection favors extreme phenotypes over intermediate ones.

Question 13: What does the first statement in this paragraph by Brimmer mean rhetorically?

She utilizes emotional and logical appeal with her inclusive choice of the word “we.” (Correct answer)
She uses an analogy to set up the basic claim of her passage: it’s both smart and right to educate the world’s women.
She appeals to the audience by using her authority as the undersecretary for International Organizational Affairs.
She uses an appeal to authority to make her opinion more forceful.

Correct answer: She utilizes emotional and logical appeal with her inclusive choice of the word “we.”

The use of the inclusive pronoun "we" by a speaker like Brimmer, an undersecretary, serves to connect with the audience by creating a sense of shared identity and collective responsibility. This rhetorical choice fosters both an emotional appeal (pathos) by building solidarity and a logical appeal (logos) by suggesting a common understanding and shared path forward, making the audience more receptive to her message.

Question 14: What is the relationship between theory and practice in Economic Indicators?

They are completely separate
Practice is unnecessary if you know theory
Theory is unnecessary
Theory provides the foundation; practice applies it to real situations (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Theory provides the foundation; practice applies it to real situations

Theory provides the conceptual foundation and principles, while practice involves applying those concepts to real-world situations. Both are essential for competence.

Question 15: Which of the following is a leading economic indicator used to predict future business cycle turning points?

Average duration of unemployment
New orders for consumer goods and materials (Correct answer)
Change in manufacturing and trade inventories
Outstanding commercial and industrial loans

Correct answer: New orders for consumer goods and materials

New orders for consumer goods and materials signal future production activity and are classified as a leading indicator.

Question 16: Which phrase best encapsulates the passage's message about the value of education beyond the primary level?

The gender gap cannot currently be closed through basic schooling.
While there have been improvements for women and girls in elementary education, we still need to find additional strategies to motivate them to continue their education through secondary and beyond. (Correct answer)
Women's literacy is crucial, but it must be offered in non-traditional ways and made relevant to their life.
In terms of school attendance, women and girls are catching up to boys and men, but they fall behind in secondary and post-secondary education.

Correct answer: While there have been improvements for women and girls in elementary education, we still need to find additional strategies to motivate them to continue their education through secondary and beyond.

This phrase accurately captures a nuanced message: acknowledging progress in elementary education while simultaneously highlighting the persistent challenge of retaining girls in school beyond that level. It emphasizes that basic access is not enough and that innovative strategies are still needed to encourage continued learning through secondary and post-secondary stages, underscoring the ongoing value and necessity of higher education.

Question 17: Which of the following best describes the route a secretory protein will likely take during its synthesis in an animal cell?

Ribosome–Golgi apparatus–rough ER–secretory vesicle–plasma membrane
Ribosome–rough ER–Golgi apparatus–secretory vesicle–plasma membrane (Correct answer)
Plasma membrane–Golgi apparatus–ribosome–secretory vesicle–rough ER
Plasma membrane–Golgi apparatus–ribosome–secretory vesicle–rough ER

Correct answer: Ribosome–rough ER–Golgi apparatus–secretory vesicle–plasma membrane

Secretory proteins are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). They then enter the RER lumen for folding and modification. From the RER, they travel to the Golgi apparatus for further processing, sorting, and packaging into secretory vesicles. These vesicles then fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the proteins outside the cell.

Question 18: Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Prophase I (Correct answer)
Metaphase I
Prophase II
Anaphase II

Correct answer: Prophase I

During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes synapse to form bivalents. Crossing over (exchange of segments at chiasmata) occurs at this stage, generating genetic recombination before chromosomes align on the metaphase plate.

Question 19: Why does electroplating require the object to be made the cathode?

So it loses metal to the solution
So oxidation coats it
So metal cations are reduced and deposited onto it (Correct answer)
So it generates current

Correct answer: So metal cations are reduced and deposited onto it

At the cathode, metal cations are reduced and plate onto the object's surface.

Question 20: Which of the following best exemplifies the significance of the passage's use of statistics?

The statistical data in the section plays on the audience's emotions in an effort to radically alter their way of thinking.
The passage's statistical data builds up a compelling logical argument intended to persuade the audience to support the education of women and girls. (Correct answer)
The passage's statistical data provides indisputable evidence that women and girls should have access to education.
The statistics support the assertion that globally, fewer women and girls than men and boys remain illiterate.

Correct answer: The passage's statistical data builds up a compelling logical argument intended to persuade the audience to support the education of women and girls.

Statistical data provides objective, quantifiable evidence that strengthens an argument by appealing to logic (logos). By presenting facts and figures on educational disparities or the impact of education, the author builds a compelling, evidence-based case. This logical argument is designed to persuade the audience of the importance and necessity of supporting education for women and girls, moving beyond mere emotional appeals.

Question 21: Which process converts glucose to pyruvate?

Glycolysis (Correct answer)
Fermentation
Electron transport chain
Krebs cycle

Correct answer: Glycolysis

Glycolysis breaks down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.

Question 22: The acid dissociation constant Ka of a weak acid is 1.0 × 10^-5. What is its pKa?

9
5 (Correct answer)
-5
14

Correct answer: 5

pKa = -log(Ka) = -log(1.0 × 10^-5) = 5.

Question 23: What is the relationship between Prana Vayu and psychological disturbances in Ayurveda?

Prana Vayu controls elimination; its dysfunction causes depression
Prana Vayu governs digestion; its imbalance causes emotional eating
Prana Vayu regulates circulation; its excess causes mania
Prana Vayu governs inhalation and the mind; its disruption causes anxiety and mental instability (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Prana Vayu governs inhalation and the mind; its disruption causes anxiety and mental instability

Prana Vayu, seated in the head and heart, governs sensory perception, inhalation, and mental functioning; its vitiation produces the core symptoms of anxiety, mental fragmentation, and neurological disorders.

Question 24: What organization most likely employs the author?

UNICEF
The United Nations
UNESCO
The United States government (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The United States government

The title "undersecretary for International Organizational Affairs" is a specific and high-ranking position within the U.S. Department of State. This department is responsible for conducting foreign policy and engaging with international organizations. Therefore, an individual holding such a title is most likely a government official employed by the United States government.

Question 25: Which type of immunity involves antibody production by B cells?

Passive immunity
Humoral immunity (Correct answer)
Cell-mediated immunity
Innate immunity

Correct answer: Humoral immunity

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity involves B lymphocytes producing antibodies.

Question 26: For each of the following reasons, Europeans wanted colonies from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries EXCEPT

egalitarianism (Correct answer)
nationalism
religion
raw materials

Correct answer: egalitarianism

European colonialism from the 16th to the 19th centuries was primarily driven by motives such as nationalism (to expand national power), the pursuit of raw materials and new markets (economic gain), and the spread of religion (Christianity). Egalitarianism, which advocates for equality among all people, was generally not a motivating factor; instead, colonialism often involved the exploitation and subjugation of colonized populations.

Question 27: Competitive inhibition of an enzyme differs from noncompetitive inhibition in that competitive inhibition:

Can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration (Correct answer)
Permanently alters the enzyme's active site
Lowers the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) even at high substrate levels
Binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex

Correct answer: Can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration

A competitive inhibitor occupies the active site, but flooding the reaction with excess substrate out-competes the inhibitor for binding, restoring activity. Noncompetitive inhibition lowers Vmax regardless of substrate concentration because the inhibitor binds elsewhere.

Question 28: Glycogen is a storage polymer made of which monomer?

Fatty acids
Amino acids
Glucose (Correct answer)
Nucleotides

Correct answer: Glucose

Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide of glucose units stored in liver and muscle.

Question 29: Which of the following statements is the LEAST plausible explanation for the seeming low frequency of mutations, despite the fact that mutations happen at a regular and predictable rate?

The predictable rate of mutation results in ongoing variability in a gene pool. (Correct answer)
Some mutations cause such drastic phenotypic changes that they are removed from the gene pool.
Some mutations produce alleles that are recessive and may not be expressed.
Some undesirable phenotypic traits may be prevented from reproducing.

Correct answer: The predictable rate of mutation results in ongoing variability in a gene pool.

While mutations do occur at a predictable rate and contribute to genetic variability, this statement doesn't explain why the *frequency* of *expressed* mutations might seem low. The other options describe mechanisms that actively reduce the observable impact or prevalence of mutations: undesirable traits are selected against, drastic changes are removed, and recessive mutations may not be expressed. The predictable rate itself doesn't explain *low frequency* in the population, but rather the *source* of new variation.

Question 30: When managing a patient with a broken needle, what is the first priority?

Discharge the patient and document the incident
Keep the patient calm and immobile to prevent the fragment from migrating (Correct answer)
Immediately attempt to extract the fragment with forceps
Apply pressure over the site and continue treatment

Correct answer: Keep the patient calm and immobile to prevent the fragment from migrating

Keeping the patient still prevents muscle movement that could drive the fragment deeper; medical referral for imaging and possible surgical retrieval follows.

Question 31: Stagflation creates a dilemma for monetary policymakers because:

Both unemployment and inflation are low simultaneously
The money multiplier becomes negative
The discount rate and federal funds rate move in opposite directions
Fighting inflation requires tighter policy, which worsens unemployment (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Fighting inflation requires tighter policy, which worsens unemployment

Stagflation — high inflation combined with high unemployment — means policies to cure one problem aggravate the other.

Question 32: What resources does the College Board provide for AP teacher professional development?

Only peer observation opportunities
Mandatory weekly webinars with no alternatives
Only textbooks for each subject
AP Summer Institutes, AP workshops, and online modules through AP Classroom (Correct answer)

Correct answer: AP Summer Institutes, AP workshops, and online modules through AP Classroom

The College Board offers AP Summer Institutes (APSI), one-day workshops, and extensive online resources through AP Classroom for teacher training and professional growth.

Question 33: What does 'register' mean in the context of AP Spanish speaking tasks?

The speed at which you speak
The total number of words spoken
The level of formality appropriate to the audience and context (Correct answer)
The theme or topic of the presentation

Correct answer: The level of formality appropriate to the audience and context

Question 34: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires all of the following EXCEPT:

No mutation
Random mating
Natural selection (Correct answer)
Large population

Correct answer: Natural selection

Natural selection disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by favoring certain alleles.

Question 35: In TCM, 'Wei Qi' (Defensive Qi) primarily circulates where and during what time?

Outside the meridians on the body surface, predominantly during the day (Correct answer)
Inside the organs during nighttime sleep
Inside the meridians during the daytime
In the extraordinary vessels at all times

Correct answer: Outside the meridians on the body surface, predominantly during the day

Wei Qi circulates in the skin and muscles (outside the vessels), moving primarily during the day to protect against external pathogens.

Question 36: The following statements about alleles are all true, EXCEPT for

a gene can have more than two alleles
alleles are found on corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes
alleles are alternative forms of the same gene
an individual with two identical alleles is said to be heterozygous with respect to that gene (Correct answer)

Correct answer: an individual with two identical alleles is said to be heterozygous with respect to that gene

An individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene is described as homozygous, not heterozygous. Heterozygous means having two different alleles for a gene. Alleles are indeed alternative forms of a gene, found at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes, and a gene can have multiple alleles within a population.

Question 37: When comparing a new exercise program to a control group, a researcher finds that both groups improve over time. The improvement in the control group is most likely due to:

The placebo effect
Confounding from the treatment group
Measurement error in fitness testing
Regression to the mean and natural improvement over time (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Regression to the mean and natural improvement over time

Control groups often show improvement due to natural changes over time, regression to the mean, and general health awareness effects.

Question 38: How does continuing education relate to foundational principles & theory for AP certified professionals?

It is only needed when changing employers
It is optional and rarely impacts practice quality
It is required only for entry-level practitioners
It ensures professionals stay current with evolving standards and best practices (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It ensures professionals stay current with evolving standards and best practices

Continuing education ensures AP professionals stay current with evolving standards, technologies, and best practices in foundational principles & theory, maintaining competency throughout their careers.

Question 39: Vertical integration, used by Andrew Carnegie in steel, refers to:

Buying out all competing firms
Distributing profits to workers
Setting prices through a cartel
Controlling all stages of production from raw materials to sales (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Controlling all stages of production from raw materials to sales

Carnegie owned mines, transport, and mills to control the entire supply chain.

Question 40: Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Anaphase II
Prophase I (Correct answer)
Telophase I
Metaphase I

Correct answer: Prophase I

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 41: In the equation ΔG = ΔH − TΔS, what does T represent?

Time
Absolute temperature in kelvin (Correct answer)
Heat capacity
Temperature in Celsius

Correct answer: Absolute temperature in kelvin

T is the absolute temperature in kelvin.

Question 42: What is a galvanic cell?

A cell that generates electricity from spontaneous reactions. (Correct answer)
A cell that requires an external power source.
A cell that stores chemical energy.
A cell that uses energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction.

Correct answer: A cell that generates electricity from spontaneous reactions.

A galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell, is an electrochemical cell that generates electrical energy from a spontaneous redox reaction. The chemical energy released during the spontaneous reaction is converted into electrical energy as electrons flow from the anode (where oxidation occurs) to the cathode (where reduction occurs) through an external circuit.

Question 43: The Calvin cycle occurs in which part of the chloroplast?

Thylakoid membrane
Stroma (Correct answer)
Inner membrane
Outer membrane

Correct answer: Stroma

The Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Question 44: What distinguishes a AP French Language certified professional from a non-certified practitioner?

There is no meaningful difference
Certified professionals only work in larger organizations
Certification validates competency through standardized assessment against benchmarks (Correct answer)
Certified professionals always have more experience

Correct answer: Certification validates competency through standardized assessment against benchmarks

Certification provides objective validation of competency through standardized assessment.

Question 45: Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by:

Adding more reactants
Increasing temperature
Binding to the substrate at the active site (Correct answer)
Changing the products

Correct answer: Binding to the substrate at the active site

Enzymes bind substrates at their active site, lowering the activation energy needed.

Question 46: A researcher is working with a human pathogen classified at BSL-3. Which additional safety measure distinguishes BSL-3 from BSL-2 laboratories?

Handwashing before leaving the lab
Avoidance of eating and drinking in the lab
Use of standard PPE such as gloves and lab coat
All procedures performed in a certified Class II or Class III BSC with directional airflow and controlled access (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All procedures performed in a certified Class II or Class III BSC with directional airflow and controlled access

BSL-3 requires all manipulations of infectious materials inside certified BSCs, sustained directional airflow into the lab, and controlled access — requirements not mandatory at BSL-2.

Question 47: Ascaris lumbricoides larvae cause pulmonary symptoms during which phase of infection?

When eggs hatch in the bronchioles after ingestion
During larval migration through the lungs (Löffler syndrome) (Correct answer)
When adult worms migrate to the lungs from the intestine
During the intestinal phase as adults release toxins

Correct answer: During larval migration through the lungs (Löffler syndrome)

After hatching in the intestine, Ascaris larvae penetrate the gut wall, travel hematogenously to the lungs, ascend the airways, and are swallowed; this migration causes Löffler syndrome (eosinophilic pneumonia).

Question 48: In a signal transduction pathway, cAMP (cyclic AMP) functions as a:

Second messenger that relays the signal inside the cell (Correct answer)
Receptor protein embedded in the plasma membrane
Transcription factor that directly activates gene expression
Primary messenger that binds to cell-surface receptors

Correct answer: Second messenger that relays the signal inside the cell

cAMP is synthesized inside the cell after a primary messenger (e.g., a hormone) binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor. It relays the extracellular signal to intracellular targets, classifying it as a second messenger.

Question 49: Which type of precaution is considered the foundation of all infection control in acupuncture practice?

Airborne precautions
Contact precautions
Standard precautions (Correct answer)
Droplet precautions

Correct answer: Standard precautions

Standard precautions treat all patients as potentially infectious and include hand hygiene, PPE, and safe sharps handling as the baseline for every clinical encounter.

Question 50: Which of the following conditions would violate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and cause allele frequencies to change over generations?

Absence of new mutations
Gene flow due to migration into the population (Correct answer)
Random mating among all individuals
A very large, isolated population

Correct answer: Gene flow due to migration into the population

Gene flow (migration of individuals carrying alleles into or out of a population) directly changes allele frequencies, violating one of the five Hardy-Weinberg assumptions and causing the population to deviate from equilibrium.

Question 51: The small intestine contains villi and microvilli, which aid in reabsorption by

making the small intestine more hydrophobic
decreasing the surface area of the small intestine
making the small intestine more hydrophilic
increasing the surface area of the small intestine (Correct answer)

Correct answer: increasing the surface area of the small intestine

Villi are finger-like projections, and microvilli are even smaller projections on the surface of the villi, creating a brush border. This extensive folding dramatically increases the internal surface area of the small intestine. A larger surface area allows for more efficient and rapid absorption of digested nutrients into the bloodstream, maximizing the uptake of essential molecules.

Question 52: DNA replication is described as semi-conservative because:

The process is 50% accurate
Only half the DNA is copied
Each new molecule contains one original and one new strand (Correct answer)
It occurs in half the cell cycle

Correct answer: Each new molecule contains one original and one new strand

Semi-conservative means each daughter DNA molecule has one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 53: In the E. coli lac operon, maximal transcription occurs when:

The lac repressor is bound to the operator sequence
Lactose is present and glucose is absent (Correct answer)
Both glucose and lactose are present in equal amounts
Glucose is abundant and lactose is absent

Correct answer: Lactose is present and glucose is absent

Lactose (via allolactose) inactivates the repressor, freeing the operator. Simultaneously, low glucose raises cAMP levels, activating the CAP-cAMP complex that greatly stimulates RNA polymerase binding. Both signals together produce maximal transcription.

Question 54: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria (Correct answer)
Nucleus

Correct answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 55: In the small intestine, which of the following DOES NOT occur?

Pancreatic amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Pancreatic lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Pepsin breaks down proteins to amino acids (Correct answer)
Bile emulsifies fats into smaller fat particles

Correct answer: Pepsin breaks down proteins to amino acids

Pepsin is a protease enzyme that functions optimally in the highly acidic environment of the stomach, where it begins the digestion of proteins. Once food moves into the small intestine, the pH becomes more alkaline, inactivating pepsin. Protein digestion continues in the small intestine, but it is carried out by other enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin, which break proteins into smaller peptides, not directly into amino acids.

Question 56: Which of the following is a correct use of 把 (bǎ) structure that would demonstrate grammatical sophistication in AP Chinese writing?

我把很高兴。(I bǎ very happy.)
把书在桌子上。(Bǎ book on the table.)
他把作业做完了。(He finished his homework — using bǎ construction.) (Correct answer)
她把是学生。(She bǎ is a student.)

Correct answer: 他把作业做完了。(He finished his homework — using bǎ construction.)

把 is correctly used with an action verb and result complement (做完了) to indicate disposal of a definite object.

Question 57: Auricular acupuncture (Ear Acupuncture) is based on the concept that the ear maps to the entire body in what configuration?

A horizontal lying figure with the lobe representing the feet
A map corresponding to the Five Elements
An upright standing human figure
An inverted fetus with the earlobe representing the head (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An inverted fetus with the earlobe representing the head

Auricular therapy is based on the somatotopic map of an inverted fetus, where the earlobe corresponds to the head/face, the antihelix to the spine, and the concha to internal organs.

Question 58: Which condition is true for a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium?

The firm produces at minimum average total cost
Price equals marginal cost
Economic profit is positive
Price equals average total cost (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Price equals average total cost

In long-run monopolistic competition, free entry drives economic profit to zero, so price equals average total cost.

Question 59: Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not DNA?

Uracil (Correct answer)
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine

Correct answer: Uracil

Uracil replaces thymine in RNA.

Question 60: Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated diffusion:

Moves solutes against their concentration gradient
Uses membrane proteins but moves solutes down their concentration gradient (Correct answer)
Only transports water molecules across the membrane
Requires ATP hydrolysis to power movement

Correct answer: Uses membrane proteins but moves solutes down their concentration gradient

Facilitated diffusion is passive: specific channel or carrier proteins provide a pathway, but movement is driven by the existing concentration gradient — no energy input is needed. Active transport, by contrast, moves solutes against their gradient and requires ATP.

AP Exams (General Structure)

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