AOA Ocular Pharmacology

Question 1

Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost) lower intraocular pressure by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing aqueous outflow through the uveoscleral pathway

Answer

Decreasing aqueous production by the ciliary body

Answer

Increasing conventional trabecular outflow only

Answer

Constricting the pupil to open the drainage angle

Question 2

Topical beta-blockers such as timolol lower IOP by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing aqueous humor production by the ciliary body

Answer

Increasing uveoscleral outflow

Answer

Constricting pupil diameter to widen the drainage angle

Answer

Decreasing episcleral venous pressure

Question 3

Which topical anesthetic is most commonly used for tonometry in optometric practice?

Accepted Answer

Proparacaine 0.5%

Answer

Cocaine 4%

Answer

Lidocaine 2%

Answer

Tetracaine 1%

Question 4

Atropine 1% eye drops cause cycloplegia and mydriasis by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking muscarinic receptors in the iris sphincter and ciliary body

Answer

Stimulating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the iris dilator

Answer

Blocking beta receptors in the ciliary epithelium

Answer

Activating nicotinic receptors in the extraocular muscles

Question 5

Fluorescein dye in optometric practice is used primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Applanation tonometry and contact lens fitting evaluation

Answer

Dilating the pupil for fundus examination

Answer

Constricting the pupil before laser procedures

Answer

Treating bacterial corneal ulcers

Question 6

The mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., dorzolamide) in glaucoma treatment is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium to reduce aqueous production

Answer

Increasing uveoscleral outflow by relaxing ciliary muscle

Answer

Blocking alpha-2 receptors to reduce episcleral venous pressure

Answer

Stimulating beta-1 receptors to increase trabecular outflow