Animal Care and Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging & Laboratory Testing 3

Question 1

What is the normal urine specific gravity range for a healthy adult dog?

Accepted Answer

1.015–1.045

Answer

1.001–1.010

Answer

1.050–1.065

Answer

1.000–1.005

Question 2

Which combination of urinalysis findings is MOST suggestive of an active urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriuria (bacteria on sediment) combined with pyuria (elevated white blood cells)

Answer

Elevated specific gravity above 1.040 with normal pH

Answer

Presence of transitional epithelial cells with no other abnormalities

Answer

Clear yellow urine with a specific gravity of 1.025

Question 3

What is the GOLD STANDARD method for definitively diagnosing a bacterial urinary tract infection in veterinary patients?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing

Answer

Urine dipstick showing positive leukocyte esterase and nitrite reactions

Answer

Microscopic sediment examination showing rods or cocci

Answer

Clinical signs of dysuria, hematuria, and pollakiuria alone

Question 4

Which urine collection method provides the most sterile sample suitable for bacterial culture in dogs and cats?

Accepted Answer

Cystocentesis — needle aspiration directly through the abdominal wall into the bladder

Answer

Free-catch midstream collection into a clean container

Answer

Urinary catheterization using a sterile catheter

Answer

Manual expression of the bladder through the abdominal wall

Question 5

The presence of red blood cell (RBC) casts in urine sediment most strongly suggests pathology in which location?

Accepted Answer

The renal tubules, indicating glomerulonephritis or intra-renal hemorrhage

Answer

The urinary bladder, indicating cystitis or a bladder mass

Answer

The urethra, indicating urethral trauma or stricture

Answer

The ureters, indicating ureteral obstruction

Question 6

Any detectable amount of bilirubin on a urine dipstick in a cat is considered:

Accepted Answer

Always abnormal and warrants investigation for hepatic, biliary, or hemolytic disease

Answer

A normal finding because cats concentrate bile pigments efficiently in urine

Answer

Only significant if accompanied by icterus (jaundice) on physical exam

Answer

A common finding in healthy cats fed a high-protein diet

Question 7

Which stain is most commonly used in veterinary clinics to enhance visualization of cells and casts when examining urine sediment microscopically?

Accepted Answer

Sedistain (modified Sternheimer-Malbin stain)

Answer

Gram stain

Answer

Wright-Giemsa stain

Answer

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain