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Pharmacology and Prescribing Flashcards

7 cards from real AKT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient taking an SSRI for depression is prescribed tramadol for pain. What potentially life-threatening interaction should be monitored?

    Answer: Serotonin syndrome

    Both SSRIs and tramadol (which inhibits serotonin reuptake) increase serotonergic activity; combined use markedly raises the risk of serotonin syndrome.

  2. Which drug is absolutely contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to risk of hemolytic anemia?

    Answer: Primaquine

    Primaquine generates oxidative stress that G6PD-deficient red blood cells cannot neutralize, triggering acute hemolytic anemia.

  3. What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?

    Answer: Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

    ACE inhibitors block angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing the formation of angiotensin II, which reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.

  4. A patient with COPD requires antihypertensive therapy. If a beta-blocker is necessary, which agent is most appropriate?

    Answer: Bisoprolol

    Bisoprolol is a highly cardioselective beta-1 blocker with minimal beta-2 effects, making it the safest option in patients with obstructive airway disease.

  5. Which antibiotic class exerts its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis?

    Answer: Beta-lactams

    Beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) inhibit transpeptidases (penicillin-binding proteins) required for peptidoglycan cross-linking in the bacterial cell wall.

  6. A patient starting methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis should receive concurrent supplementation with which vitamin?

    Answer: Folic acid

    Methotrexate is a folate antagonist; folic acid supplementation reduces the incidence of mucositis, hepatotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression without diminishing efficacy.

  7. What is the current recommended first-line triple therapy regimen for H. pylori eradication in the United States?

    Answer: Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI

    Standard triple therapy consists of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and a proton pump inhibitor for 14 days, achieving eradication rates above 80%.