Oral Pathology and Diagnosis Flashcards
7 cards from real AGD practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Oral Pathology and Diagnosis flashcards as text
A young patient presents with multiple jaw cysts, bifid ribs, calcification of the falx cerebri, and skeletal anomalies. What is the underlying gene mutation?
Answer: PTCH1 (patched) gene mutation
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) is caused by PTCH1 gene mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway and features multiple odontogenic keratocysts, basal cell carcinomas, and skeletal anomalies.
Which of the following features distinguishes fibrous dysplasia from ossifying fibroma radiographically?
Answer: Fibrous dysplasia blends imperceptibly with normal bone; ossifying fibroma has a well-defined border
Fibrous dysplasia merges imperceptibly with surrounding normal bone (poorly defined borders), while ossifying fibroma is encapsulated with a well-defined, often corticated border.
A patient on long-term bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis undergoes tooth extraction. Four months later, exposed necrotic bone is visible at the extraction site. What is the correct diagnosis?
Answer: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
MRONJ is defined as exposed or necrotic bone in the jaw that has not healed within 8 weeks in a patient with current or previous antiresorptive therapy without prior radiation to the jaws.
Which of the following conditions is associated with trismus, medial pterygoid fibrosis, and a burning sensation of the oral mucosa with betel nut use?
Answer: Oral submucous fibrosis
Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder caused by areca nut (betel quid) chewing, characterized by progressive fibrosis leading to trismus and mucosal rigidity.
A child presents with a dome-shaped, painless swelling on the anterior palate near the midline. Radiograph reveals a heart-shaped radiolucency between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. What is the diagnosis?
Answer: Nasopalatine duct cyst
The nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity, presenting as a heart-shaped radiolucency between the central incisors near the incisive foramen.
Which of the following is the MOST common benign mesenchymal tumor of the oral cavity?
Answer: Fibroma (focal fibrous hyperplasia)
The fibroma (focal fibrous hyperplasia) is the most common soft tissue tumor of the oral cavity, representing a reactive hyperplasia to local irritation rather than a true neoplasm.
A 50-year-old presents with xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and bilateral parotid gland enlargement. Lip biopsy shows focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score of ≥1. What is the diagnosis?
Answer: Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome is diagnosed by the triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and positive minor salivary gland biopsy (focus score ≥1 lymphocytic aggregate per 4mm² of glandular tissue).