ADAT Biomedical Sciences Flashcards

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows interhemispheric communication?

Answer: Corpus callosum

The corpus callosum is the large band of white matter fibers linking the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is directly regenerated to allow the cycle to continue?

Answer: Oxaloacetate

Oxaloacetate combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate and is regenerated at the end of each cycle turn.

Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs to permit efficient gas exchange?

Answer: Simple squamous epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium is thin and flat, minimizing diffusion distance for gases.

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely present with which condition?

Answer: Hemophilia A

Factor VIII deficiency is the classic cause of hemophilia A, an X-linked bleeding disorder.

Which hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the collecting ducts, conserving water.

Enzyme activity that decreases when a downstream product accumulates is an example of what regulation?

Answer: Feedback inhibition

Feedback inhibition occurs when an end product inhibits an earlier enzyme to limit its own production.

Which cranial nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Answer: Trigeminal (CN V, lingual branch)

The lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve carries general (touch) sensation from the anterior tongue.