Exercise Science Fundamentals Flashcards

Which principle of exercise science states that adaptations are specific to the type of training performed?

Answer: SAID principle

SAID (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands) states that the body adapts specifically to the stress placed upon it.

What is the approximate MET value at rest (resting metabolic rate)?

Answer: 1 MET

By definition, 1 MET equals the resting metabolic rate, approximately 3.5 mL O₂/kg/min.

Which structure in the cell is primarily responsible for aerobic ATP production?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria contain the enzymes of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, making them the site of aerobic energy production.

A group fitness instructor notices a participant's heart rate is 150 bpm and their estimated max HR is 190 bpm. What is their approximate %HRmax?

Answer: 79%

% HRmax = (150 ÷ 190) × 100 ≈ 79%, placing this participant in a moderate-to-vigorous intensity zone.

Which of the following BEST describes the role of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO)?

Answer: Inhibits muscle contraction when tension becomes excessive

The GTO is a proprioceptor that senses excessive muscle tension and triggers autogenic inhibition to protect the muscle and tendon from injury.

What term describes the minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential in a muscle fiber?

Answer: All-or-none threshold

The all-or-none principle states that once a stimulus reaches threshold, a muscle fiber fires completely — there is no partial contraction.

Ventilation during high-intensity exercise increases primarily due to rising levels of which blood gas or metabolite?

Answer: Rising carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors detect increases in CO₂ and H⁺ (falling pH), driving increased ventilation to expel CO₂ and restore acid-base balance.