Research & Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards
7 cards from real ACBN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Research & Evidence-Based Practice flashcards as text
A nutritionist calculates the number needed to treat (NNT) for a dietary fiber intervention to prevent one case of type 2 diabetes. An NNT of 20 means:
Answer: 20 people must be treated to prevent one additional case
NNT indicates how many patients must receive the intervention for one patient to benefit, compared to the control condition.
Which dietary assessment method has the highest risk of recall bias?
Answer: Food frequency questionnaire for the past year
Food frequency questionnaires asking about the past year require participants to recall habitual diet over a long period, maximizing recall bias.
In nutrition research, the 'doubly labeled water' method is considered a gold standard for measuring:
Answer: Total energy expenditure
Doubly labeled water measures CO2 production via isotope elimination rates, providing an objective measure of total energy expenditure.
Regression to the mean in nutrition intervention studies refers to:
Answer: Extreme values at baseline tending to move closer to average on re-measurement
Regression to the mean occurs when participants with extreme initial values naturally trend toward the population average on subsequent measurement, independent of any intervention.
A cohort study follows 5,000 adults for 10 years and finds that those eating >3 servings of whole grains daily had a relative risk of 0.65 for cardiovascular disease. This means:
Answer: Whole grain eaters had 35% lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to non-consumers
A relative risk of 0.65 means the exposed group has 65% of the risk of the unexposed group, representing a 35% relative risk reduction.
Which principle of research ethics requires that participants receive complete and accurate information before agreeing to participate?
Answer: Informed consent
Informed consent requires that participants receive full disclosure of study risks, benefits, and procedures before voluntarily agreeing to participate.
A systematic review finds significant heterogeneity (I² = 82%) across included studies on calcium supplementation and bone density. This indicates:
Answer: High variability in results across studies that may limit pooling of data
I² values above 75% indicate high heterogeneity, meaning substantial variability in results across studies that should prompt investigation of potential moderators.