Nutritionist MCQ Flashcards

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?

Answer: Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis

Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through vomiting causes hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis due to hydrogen and chloride depletion.

Which dietary modification is the first-line nutrition intervention for managing hypertriglyceridemia?

Answer: Reducing refined carbohydrates and alcohol

Refined carbohydrates and alcohol are the primary dietary drivers of elevated triglycerides; restricting them is the first-line dietary strategy.

In the context of nutrition labeling, what does the term 'fortification' mean?

Answer: Adding nutrients not naturally present or present in insignificant amounts

Fortification refers to adding nutrients to a food that were not originally present or were present in only negligible amounts.

A client reports consuming large doses of vitamin C supplements. Which mineral's absorption could be significantly increased as a result?

Answer: Non-heme iron

Vitamin C reduces ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), enhancing non-heme iron absorption in the duodenum.

Which type of dietary fiber is most effective at lowering LDL cholesterol?

Answer: Soluble viscous fiber (e.g., beta-glucan)

Soluble viscous fibers like beta-glucan form a gel in the intestine that binds bile acids and reduces LDL cholesterol reabsorption.

Which metabolic pathway is activated during prolonged fasting to supply glucose to the brain?

Answer: Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis synthesizes new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (amino acids, lactate, glycerol) primarily in the liver to sustain blood glucose.

A nutritionist assessing a client's diet using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is measuring what?

Answer: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

The HEI is a diet quality scoring tool that measures how closely a person's diet aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.