Nutritionist MCQ Flashcards

Which hormone primarily regulates long-term energy balance by signaling satiety to the hypothalamus?

Answer: Leptin

Leptin, secreted by adipose tissue, signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure.

What is the primary site of vitamin B12 absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer: Terminal ileum

Vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor is absorbed via specific receptors in the terminal ileum.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should be limited to less than what percentage of total daily calories?

Answer: 10%

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to less than 10% of total daily caloric intake.

A client's 24-hour dietary recall reveals very low riboflavin intake. Which symptom would you expect to observe?

Answer: Angular stomatitis and glossitis

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency presents as ariboflavinosis, characterized by angular stomatitis, cheilosis, and a magenta-colored glossitis.

Which protein quality assessment method accounts for digestibility AND amino acid score, and is used for evaluating protein in foods for humans?

Answer: PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score)

PDCAAS is the FAO/WHO-recommended method that corrects the amino acid score by the true fecal digestibility of the protein.

Which condition is characterized by a serum ferritin below 12 µg/L without anemia?

Answer: Iron depletion (Stage 1 iron deficiency)

Stage 1 iron deficiency (iron depletion) is characterized by depleted iron stores (low ferritin) but normal hemoglobin and no anemia yet.

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult men under 50 years according to the Dietary Reference Intakes?

Answer: 38 g/day

The AI for total fiber for men 19–50 years is 38 g/day, based on 14 g per 1,000 kcal at a 2,700 kcal average intake.