ACBN Clinical Nutrition & Medical Nutrition Therapy Flashcards

In Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for type 2 diabetes, which dietary approach has the strongest evidence for improving glycemic control?

Answer: Carbohydrate reduction and monitoring

Reducing and monitoring total carbohydrate intake is the most evidence-based dietary strategy for improving postprandial glucose and A1C in type 2 diabetes.

The DASH diet was originally developed to treat which condition?

Answer: Hypertension

DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) was specifically designed to lower blood pressure through a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium.

Which nutrition screening tool is commonly used in US hospitals to identify patients at nutritional risk upon admission?

Answer: Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) or NRS-2002

MST and NRS-2002 are widely validated nutrition screening tools used in acute care settings to quickly identify patients needing full nutrition assessment.

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis, the protein intake recommendation is generally:

Answer: 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day (restricted)

Protein restriction to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day in non-dialysis CKD slows disease progression by reducing uremic waste production and hyperfiltration.

Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication that can occur when nutrition is reintroduced to severely malnourished patients primarily due to shifts in which electrolyte?

Answer: Phosphorus

Refeeding syndrome is characterized by severe hypophosphatemia as insulin secretion drives phosphorus into cells during carbohydrate reintroduction.

The preferred enteral nutrition formula for patients with glucose intolerance or hyperglycemia is:

Answer: Reduced-carbohydrate, higher-fat formula

Formulas with reduced carbohydrate and higher monounsaturated fat content (e.g., Glucerna) blunt postprandial glucose excursions in hyperglycemic patients.