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Networking Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real ACA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which routing protocol uses the Dijkstra shortest path first (SPF) algorithm and is classified as a link-state protocol?

    Answer: OSPF

    OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that builds a complete topology map and uses Dijkstra's SPF algorithm to compute the best paths.

  2. What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP at the Transport layer?

    Answer: TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented delivery; UDP is connectionless and faster

    TCP establishes a connection with a three-way handshake and guarantees ordered, reliable delivery, while UDP sends datagrams without connection setup or acknowledgments.

  3. Which well-known port number is used by HTTPS (HTTP Secure)?

    Answer: 443

    HTTPS uses TCP port 443 to establish TLS/SSL-encrypted sessions for secure web browsing.

  4. What does a router use to determine the next-hop for a packet when multiple routes exist for the same destination?

    Answer: Routing table with administrative distance and metric

    Routers consult their routing table and select the best path based on the longest prefix match, then administrative distance, then the protocol's specific metric.

  5. What is the loopback address in IPv4, and what is it used for?

    Answer: 127.0.0.1 – used to test the local TCP/IP stack without sending traffic on the network

    The IPv4 loopback address 127.0.0.1 (range 127.0.0.0/8) routes traffic back to the local host, allowing software to test network stack functionality.

  6. Which protocol is used to securely manage network devices via an encrypted command-line session on port 22?

    Answer: SSH

    SSH (Secure Shell) provides encrypted remote access on TCP port 22, replacing the insecure Telnet protocol for device management.

  7. In a switched Ethernet network, what is the effect of placing two departments on separate VLANs?

    Answer: It separates broadcast domains, limiting broadcasts to each VLAN

    Each VLAN is an independent broadcast domain, so broadcasts from one VLAN are not forwarded to another, improving security and reducing unnecessary traffic.