Alberta Basic Security Training Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Working the night shift is an example of a low-risk duty.

True
False (Correct answer)

Correct answer: False

Working the night shift is generally considered a higher-risk duty, not a low-risk one. Night shifts often involve reduced visibility, fewer personnel, increased potential for encountering intoxicated individuals or criminal activity, and the physiological challenges of working against natural circadian rhythms. These factors contribute to a heightened risk profile compared to day shifts.

Question 2: What does "reasonable grounds" mean in the context of a security guard's authority?

A directive from the employer
A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person (Correct answer)
A suspicion based on a hunch
An assumption based on past behavior

Correct answer: A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person

"Reasonable grounds" signifies a standard of belief that is objectively justifiable, meaning there must be factual evidence or observations that would lead an ordinary, prudent person to conclude that an offense has occurred or is about to occur. It is a higher standard than mere suspicion or a hunch, requiring concrete information to support actions like an arrest or search. This standard is crucial for ensuring legal and ethical security practices.

Question 3: When completing a use of force report, which of the following is MOST important to include?

Only the outcome of the incident without background details
An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used (Correct answer)
A summary written entirely from the subject's point of view
The security guard's personal opinion of the subject's character

Correct answer: An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used

A use of force report must include an objective, factual, and complete account of events and the justification for force used to ensure legal accountability.

Question 4: Which of the following best describes 'passive resistance' in the use of force model?

A subject verbally threatening security but not moving
A subject actively pushing or pulling against a security guard
A subject fleeing the scene at high speed
A subject refusing to comply with lawful direction without physical aggression (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A subject refusing to comply with lawful direction without physical aggression

Passive resistance occurs when a subject refuses to comply with lawful direction but does not physically attack or aggress against the security guard.

Question 5: What is a security guard's responsibility during a hazardous material spill?

Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities (Correct answer)
Attempt to clean the spill immediately
Ignore the spill if it appears contained
Transport the hazardous material to a safer location

Correct answer: Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities

When encountering a hazardous material spill, a security guard's primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of themselves and others by securing the area to prevent further exposure or spread. They must then immediately alert the appropriate emergency services, such as the fire department or a hazmat team, who are trained and equipped to handle such incidents. Attempting to clean the spill without proper training and equipment can be extremely dangerous.

Question 6: What must a security guard do immediately after making a citizen's arrest?

Conduct a search of the individual
Detain the individual until the employer arrives
Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay (Correct answer)
Inform the individual of the charges against them

Correct answer: Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay

After making a citizen's arrest, a security guard's authority to detain the individual is strictly limited and temporary. The Criminal Code of Canada mandates that the arrested person must be turned over to a peace officer (police) without delay. Failure to promptly deliver the detainee to law enforcement can result in the security guard being held legally liable for unlawful confinement.

Question 7: What is a security guard's role during a medical emergency?

Provide advanced medical care to the victim
Wait for emergency services to arrive without intervening
Diagnose the victim's condition before calling an ambulance
Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified

During a medical emergency, a security guard's role is to provide immediate assistance within the scope of their training and certification. If they are trained and certified in CPR or first aid, they should administer it while waiting for professional medical services to arrive. Their responsibilities also include securing the scene, calling for help, and providing comfort, but not diagnosing conditions or providing advanced medical care.

Question 8: During a large outdoor event, where should security officers be strategically positioned?

Inside the control room only
At key points including entries, exits, perimeter, and high-risk zones (Correct answer)
Only at entry and exit points
All at the main stage

Correct answer: At key points including entries, exits, perimeter, and high-risk zones

Comprehensive positioning at entries, exits, perimeter, and risk zones ensures full coverage of the event.

Question 9: Which technique helps prevent crowd crush at a venue entrance?

Closing the entrance entirely
Allowing VIPs only
Letting everyone in at once
Staggered or controlled entry with queuing systems (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Staggered or controlled entry with queuing systems

Staggered entry prevents dangerous pile-ups by regulating the flow of people entering.

Question 10: What does pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) capability on a CCTV camera allow?

The camera to activate an alarm automatically
The camera to record in color only
The camera to broadcast live to the internet
The operator to remotely adjust the camera's direction and zoom level (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The operator to remotely adjust the camera's direction and zoom level

PTZ cameras allow operators to remotely track subjects and zoom in on details without moving the physical camera position.

Question 11: A 'soft barrier' in crowd control refers to:

Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow (Correct answer)
A verbal warning zone
A padded wall
A team of officers forming a line

Correct answer: Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow

Soft barriers like ropes and stanchions physically guide crowd movement without aggression.

Question 12: Section _____ of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms refers to being detained or imprisoned.

11
15
7
9 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 9

Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifically states that 'Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.' This section protects individuals from unlawful arrest or detention by authorities, including security professionals acting under certain powers. It's a fundamental right related to personal liberty.

Question 13: Why is it important for security officers to know the venue layout before an event?

To find the best parking spot
To efficiently respond to incidents and guide people to exits (Correct answer)
To rearrange furniture as needed
To memorize the menu

Correct answer: To efficiently respond to incidents and guide people to exits

Knowing the layout allows officers to respond quickly to emergencies and direct crowds to safety.

Question 14: While patrolling a parkade, a security professional notices a large puddle of clear, odorless liquid on the floor in a dimly lit corner. There are no warning signs present. What is the most significant and immediate health and safety hazard this situation presents?

A slip and fall hazard. (Correct answer)
A fire hazard from a flammable liquid.
A potential biohazard risk.
An air quality concern.

Correct answer: A slip and fall hazard.

While other hazards could exist, the most immediate, common, and likely danger in this scenario is that a person could slip on the liquid, fall, and sustain an injury. Hazard identification requires recognizing the most direct and probable risk first, which in this case is a slip and fall.

Question 15: if you hear a fire alarm, the first thing you should do is evacuate the building.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Upon hearing a fire alarm, the immediate priority is always the safety of occupants. Evacuating the building according to established emergency procedures is the first and most critical action to ensure everyone gets to a safe location. Other actions, like investigating the cause, come only after ensuring the safety of all individuals.

Question 16: A public complaint against an individual security license holder must be filed within _____ days of the alleged incident.

30
120
60
90 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 90

A public complaint against an individual security license holder in Alberta must be filed within 90 days of the alleged incident. This timeframe is set by the Security Services and Investigators Act to ensure that complaints are brought forward in a timely manner, allowing for effective investigation and resolution while evidence and memories are still fresh.

Question 17: A security professional is asked by their supervisor to perform a task that they believe is illegal. What is the most appropriate course of action for the professional to take?

Ask a colleague to perform the task instead.
Perform the task but anonymously report the supervisor afterward.
Refuse to perform the task and report the request to a higher authority or the proper regulatory body. (Correct answer)
Follow the supervisor's order to avoid being insubordinate.

Correct answer: Refuse to perform the task and report the request to a higher authority or the proper regulatory body.

A security professional's primary duty is to act lawfully and ethically. If a supervisor orders an illegal act, the professional must refuse. The proper response is to decline the order and report the situation to a higher level of management within the company or, if necessary, to the provincial registrar responsible for security licensing.

Question 18: What is a 'blind spot' in a security surveillance context?

An area not covered by CCTV cameras or direct observation (Correct answer)
A room with no lighting
An officer with poor eyesight
A camera that is pointed at the ground

Correct answer: An area not covered by CCTV cameras or direct observation

Blind spots are gaps in camera or patrol coverage where criminal activity could go undetected.

Question 19: Professionalism is best demonstrated by:

Your conduct and deportment (Correct answer)
Your technical skills
Your physical fitness
Your ability to follow instructions

Correct answer: Your conduct and deportment

Professionalism in a security role is best demonstrated by one's conduct and deportment. This includes maintaining a professional appearance, exhibiting ethical behavior, communicating effectively, and demonstrating respect and integrity in all interactions. While skills and fitness are important, how one carries themselves and interacts with others is the primary indicator of professionalism.

Question 20: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure by government agents. What is the primary implication of this for a security professional acting as a private citizen?

They must obtain a warrant before searching any person or their belongings.
They can search anyone they have arrested without any restrictions.
They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification. (Correct answer)
They have the same search powers as a police officer upon making a citizen's arrest.

Correct answer: They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification.

The Charter primarily applies to actions by the government and its agents (like police). While a security professional is a private citizen and not directly bound by the Charter in the same way, common law and the Criminal Code still place strict limits on their ability to search individuals. A search without consent is generally illegal and can constitute assault, unless it is conducted as a safety measure incidental to a lawful arrest.

Question 21: Do not tell an individual they are being interviewed or they may stop telling the truth.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

It is generally recommended to inform an individual that they are being interviewed. Transparency can build trust and encourage cooperation, rather than deterring truthfulness. While the term 'interview' might sound formal, clearly stating the purpose of questioning helps maintain ethical standards and ensures the individual understands the context of the conversation.

Question 22: Which of the following is the BEST example of an active resistance behaviour by a subject?

Standing still and refusing to show ID
Physically pushing a security guard to prevent being detained (Correct answer)
Walking away slowly from a security guard
Verbally arguing with a security guard

Correct answer: Physically pushing a security guard to prevent being detained

Active resistance involves physical actions by the subject — such as pushing or pulling — that oppose the security guard's attempts to gain control.

Question 23: Security professionals in Alberta are licensed under the:

Criminal Code of Canada
Alberta Security Regulations
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act
Security Services and Investigators Act (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Security Services and Investigators Act

Security professionals in Alberta are licensed under the Security Services and Investigators Act. This provincial legislation sets out the requirements for licensing, training, conduct, and enforcement for individuals and businesses providing security services and investigative services in Alberta. It ensures industry standards and public safety.

Question 24: What is the primary responsibility of a security guard during an emergency?

Take control of all operations at the site
Ensure personal safety first (Correct answer)
Prevent the media from accessing the scene
Manage and direct emergency services

Correct answer: Ensure personal safety first

In any emergency situation, a security guard's paramount responsibility is to ensure their own personal safety first. This principle, often called "safety first," allows the guard to remain effective and avoid becoming another casualty, which would further complicate the emergency response. Once personal safety is secured, they can then focus on their other duties, such as assisting others and managing the scene.

Question 25: The Use of Force Continuum is best described as:

A training schedule for combat techniques
A legal document authorizing security guards to use any force
A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour (Correct answer)
A policy requiring security guards to call police before acting

Correct answer: A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour

The Use of Force Continuum is a framework that outlines escalating response options available to security personnel, matched to the level of subject resistance or threat.

Question 26: In an active shooter scenario, what is the recommended initial action?

Confront the shooter to divert their attention
Attempt to disarm the shooter immediately
Ignore the situation and continue patrol duties
Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location

In an active shooter scenario, the recommended initial action, often summarized as "Run, Hide, Fight," prioritizes self-preservation. If evacuation is not possible, the next best step is to hide by locking or barricading oneself and others in a secure location, making it difficult for the shooter to gain access. Confronting the shooter should only be a last resort when lives are in imminent danger and no other option exists.

Question 27: In Alberta's court system, which court is the highest court of appeal within the province?

The Alberta Court of Justice
The Court of King's Bench
The Court of Appeal of Alberta (Correct answer)
The Supreme Court of Canada

Correct answer: The Court of Appeal of Alberta

The Court of Appeal of Alberta is the highest court in the province and hears appeals from decisions made by the Court of King's Bench and the Alberta Court of Justice. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court for the entire country, not just the province.

Question 28: What is the primary purpose of de-escalation techniques for a security guard?

To demonstrate authority over a subject
To gather evidence before making an arrest
To reduce tension and resolve a conflict without physical intervention (Correct answer)
To delay a response until police arrive

Correct answer: To reduce tension and resolve a conflict without physical intervention

De-escalation techniques aim to reduce tension and resolve conflicts peacefully, avoiding the need for physical intervention whenever possible.

Question 29: A security professional in Alberta is required to be licensed. Who is the governing body responsible for issuing this license?

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice. (Correct answer)
A private industry-led association.
The local municipal police service.

Correct answer: The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice.

In Alberta, the licensing of security professionals is a provincial responsibility managed under the Security Services and Investigators Act. Alberta Justice is the government body that issues these licenses, ensuring all applicants meet the required standards.

Question 30: A post-order explains your duties for a particular shift.

True (Correct answer)
False

Correct answer: True

A post-order is a crucial document in security operations that clearly outlines the specific duties, responsibilities, and procedures for a security professional during a particular shift or at a specific post. It serves as a guide to ensure consistent and effective performance of assigned tasks. Adhering to post-orders is a fundamental aspect of professional security work.

Question 31: Leave space between entries so you can come back and add details later when you remember them.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

When maintaining security logs or notebooks, it is critical to ensure that all entries are continuous and complete. Leaving blank spaces between entries is considered poor practice because it creates opportunities for unauthorized additions or alterations later, which can compromise the integrity and credibility of the record. Entries should be chronological and filled without gaps.

Question 32: Which of the following is the primary role of a security professional as defined by the Security Services and Investigators Act of Alberta?

To protect an organization's property, personnel, and information. (Correct answer)
To enforce all federal and provincial laws.
To conduct arrests and criminal investigations.
To provide emergency medical services.

Correct answer: To protect an organization's property, personnel, and information.

The Security Services and Investigators Act defines a security guard's role as protecting an organization's property, personnel, and information against threats like fire, theft, vandalism, and illegal entry. While they may assist with incidents, their primary function is protection, not law enforcement or medical services.

Question 33: A security professional is required to wear a hard hat and steel-toed boots while patrolling a construction site. This equipment is an example of which type of hazard control in the 'hierarchy of controls'?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Correct answer)
Administrative Control
Elimination
Engineering Control

Correct answer: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A hard hat and boots are forms of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). In the hierarchy of controls, PPE is considered the last line of defense, used after attempts to eliminate the hazard, use engineering controls (like barriers), or use administrative controls (like safety procedures).

Question 34: A security professional is stationed at a front desk and is responsible for access control. An individual arrives without proper identification and insists on entering a restricted area. What is the most appropriate first step the security professional should take?

Allow the individual access to avoid a confrontation.
Politely deny access and explain the site's identification policy. (Correct answer)
Immediately call the police to report a trespasser.
Physically block the individual from entering the area.

Correct answer: Politely deny access and explain the site's identification policy.

The first step in access control is to enforce the established policy through clear communication. The guard should professionally and politely state the rules for entry and deny access. Escalating to physical intervention or calling the police should only occur if the individual refuses to comply and attempts to force entry.

Question 35: While conducting a foot patrol at a shopping mall, a security professional notices an individual trying the handles of several parked cars in the parking lot. According to the principle of 'finds committing', what is the security professional's authority in this situation?

To use any force necessary to stop the individual.
To ask the individual for their identification and search their bag.
To immediately arrest the individual for attempted theft. (Correct answer)
To only observe and report the activity to the police.

Correct answer: To immediately arrest the individual for attempted theft.

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, a property owner or their authorized agent (like a security guard) can arrest without a warrant a person whom they find committing a criminal offence on or in relation to that property. Trying car door handles is a clear attempt at theft, which is a criminal offense the guard is witnessing firsthand.

Question 36: While on patrol, you witness a verbal altercation that does not escalate physically and resolves on its own. According to ABST standards for documentation, what is the correct course of action?

Ignore the event as it resolved without physical conflict.
Verbally inform the next guard on shift but do not write it down.
Make a detailed entry in your notebook about the observation. (Correct answer)
Only report the incident if one of the individuals files a formal complaint.

Correct answer: Make a detailed entry in your notebook about the observation.

Security professionals are required to document their findings, observations, and actions taken during their shift. Even incidents that resolve themselves should be noted. This creates a complete record of activities on the property, which can be useful for identifying patterns, demonstrating due diligence, or recalling details for a future investigation.

Question 37: Which of the following actions by a security guard would most likely constitute 'excessive force'?

Standing in the path of a fleeing shoplifter
Using physical restraint on a person actively fighting
Verbally asking a trespasser to leave
Striking an already-restrained and compliant subject (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Striking an already-restrained and compliant subject

Striking a subject who is already restrained and compliant goes beyond what is necessary to control the situation and constitutes excessive force.

Question 38: What does 'crowd density' mean and why does it matter to a security officer?

How noisy a crowd is; loud crowds are dangerous
The number of security officers relative to crowd size
The number of people per square meter; high density increases crush risk (Correct answer)
How fast people are moving; fast crowds are harder to control

Correct answer: The number of people per square meter; high density increases crush risk

High crowd density per square meter significantly increases the risk of crowd crush injuries and fatalities.

Question 39: How should a security officer handle a person who refuses to follow crowd control instructions?

Ignore the situation and move on
Physically remove them without warning
Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant (Correct answer)
Escalate immediately to police

Correct answer: Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant

Calm repetition, explanation, and supervisor escalation follows the proper use-of-force continuum and minimizes confrontation.

Question 40: Under what circumstances can a security guard use force?

To remove someone from private property
To protect themselves or others from harm (Correct answer)
Only when instructed by law enforcement
To enforce company policies

Correct answer: To protect themselves or others from harm

Security guards, like any citizen, are legally permitted to use reasonable force for the purpose of self-defense or the defense of others from harm. This authority is granted under the Criminal Code of Canada, which allows for the use of force that is necessary and proportionate to prevent an imminent threat. Force cannot be used simply to enforce company policies or remove someone unless there is a direct threat of harm.

Question 41: Which of the following is an example of a physical access control device?

Motion detectors
Security alarm systems
Key cards and keypads (Correct answer)
Surveillance cameras

Correct answer: Key cards and keypads

Physical access control devices are tangible tools used to manage and restrict entry to a physical space. Key cards and keypads are prime examples, as they require a physical credential or a code to unlock a door or gate. In contrast, surveillance cameras and motion detectors are typically part of an intrusion detection system, and alarm systems signal a breach rather than directly controlling access.

Question 42: What principle guides the level of force a security guard should use when responding to a situation?

No force under any circumstances
Minimum force necessary to control the situation (Correct answer)
Force equal to what the subject uses regardless of context
Maximum force to ensure compliance

Correct answer: Minimum force necessary to control the situation

Security guards are required to use only the minimum amount of force necessary to control a situation, ensuring the response is proportionate to the threat.

Question 43: A security professional receives a telephone bomb threat for the facility they are monitoring. Which of the following is the most critical initial action they should take?

Initiate a building search for suspicious packages based on the information provided.
Immediately evacuate the building by announcing the threat over the PA system.
Hang up the phone and call 911 to report the threat.
Attempt to keep the caller on the line as long as possible while discreetly alerting a colleague or supervisor to notify the police. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Attempt to keep the caller on the line as long as possible while discreetly alerting a colleague or supervisor to notify the police.

Standard bomb threat procedures emphasize gathering as much information as possible from the caller. Keeping the line open allows for the potential to trace the call and for the security professional to listen for background noises and note details about the caller's voice and speech patterns, which is invaluable for the police investigation. A colleague should make the call to 911 while the professional continues to gather intelligence.

Question 44: A security professional is writing an incident report about a theft. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate and objective for the report?

A man in a blue jacket stole the items because he was acting suspiciously.
I observed an individual conceal two items under their jacket and exit without paying. (Correct answer)
The individual, who appeared nervous and shifty, took the merchandise.
The suspect looked guilty and was probably a drug user.

Correct answer: I observed an individual conceal two items under their jacket and exit without paying.

Incident reports must be based on objective, factual observations. Stating exactly what was seen ('conceal two items under their jacket and exit without paying') is a factual account. The other options include subjective opinions, assumptions about the person's motives or character ('looked guilty', 'probably a drug user', 'appeared nervous'), which are inappropriate for a professional report and can undermine its credibility.

Question 45: While on patrol, you encounter a person in distress who appears to be experiencing a mental health crisis. Which communication principle is most important in this scenario?

Exhibiting empathy and using a calm, steady tone of voice. (Correct answer)
Speaking loudly and issuing direct commands to establish control.
Using complex language to show your expertise.
Maintaining intense, direct eye contact to show you are serious.

Correct answer: Exhibiting empathy and using a calm, steady tone of voice.

When dealing with individuals who may be experiencing a mental health crisis, it is crucial to use empathy, patience, and a calm, non-threatening tone. This approach helps to avoid escalating their agitation and builds a rapport that can lead to a safer outcome for everyone involved. Loud commands and intense eye contact can be perceived as aggressive and counterproductive.

Question 46: Which of the following actions could lead to a security guard being held liable?

Using excessive force during an arrest
All of the above (Correct answer)
Failing to turn over a detainee to the police promptly
Arresting someone without reasonable grounds

Correct answer: All of the above

Security guards are legally accountable for their actions, and several missteps can lead to liability. Arresting someone without reasonable grounds constitutes unlawful confinement, using excessive force during an arrest can result in assault charges, and failing to promptly turn over a detainee to the police can also lead to legal repercussions. Any of these actions can expose the guard and their employer to civil lawsuits or criminal charges.

Question 47: With consent of both parties, an employer may attempt to resolve an issue between a security professional and a complainant.

True (Correct answer)
False

Correct answer: True

In Alberta Basic Security Training, it is understood that employers can play a role in mediating disputes. With the explicit consent of both the security professional and the complainant, an employer is permitted to attempt to resolve an issue. This process aims to find an amicable solution and can prevent further escalation or formal complaints.

Question 48: A security professional is approached by an individual who is visibly agitated and speaking in a loud, confrontational tone. Which of the following is the most effective initial communication strategy to de-escalate the situation?

Ignore the individual's tone and continue with your patrol duties.
Adopt a non-threatening posture and use active listening to understand their concerns. (Correct answer)
Immediately assert your authority and instruct the person to calm down.
Radio for backup immediately before engaging with the individual.

Correct answer: Adopt a non-threatening posture and use active listening to understand their concerns.

Adopting a non-threatening posture, maintaining open body language, and using active listening are key de-escalation techniques. This approach helps the agitated individual feel heard and respected, which can reduce hostility and open the door for a peaceful resolution. Asserting authority can escalate the situation, and ignoring the person or immediately calling for backup without assessment can be counterproductive.

Question 49: An individual security license may be transferred:

Only if the licensee moves to a different province
Automatically upon renewal
Never (Correct answer)
If approved by the issuing authority and under specific conditions

Correct answer: Never

An individual security license in Alberta is personal and non-transferable. It is issued to a specific person based on their qualifications, background checks, and training. It cannot be transferred to another individual or automatically renewed under different conditions, ensuring that only qualified and licensed individuals perform security duties.

Question 50: A person commits an assault when he or she applies force to another person:

Intentionally (Correct answer)
During self-defense
Accidentally
Without permission

Correct answer: Intentionally

In legal contexts, an assault typically requires the intentional application of force to another person. This means the person committing the act must have meant to make contact or cause apprehension of contact, even if the resulting harm was not severe. Accidental contact or force used purely in self-defense generally does not meet the legal definition of assault, which hinges on the element of intent.

Question 51: When conducting an interior patrol, which area should a security officer pay special attention to?

Common areas with high foot traffic only
Only the executive floors
Just the entrance lobby
All areas including stairwells, restrooms, storage rooms, and blind spots (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All areas including stairwells, restrooms, storage rooms, and blind spots

Thorough interior patrols include low-traffic and blind-spot areas where incidents or hazards are more likely to go unnoticed.

Question 52: Which of the following best describes the principle of 'professional deportment' for a security professional?

Conducting frequent and random patrols of the assigned area.
Maintaining a professional appearance and a calm, courteous demeanor. (Correct answer)
Completing detailed and accurate incident reports.
Having advanced knowledge of all site-specific emergency procedures.

Correct answer: Maintaining a professional appearance and a calm, courteous demeanor.

Professional deportment refers to a security professional's conduct and appearance. This includes being well-groomed, wearing a proper uniform, and interacting with the public in a calm, respectful, and courteous manner. It is a key component of professionalism in the security industry.

Question 53: Which of the following best describes the role of CCTV in a security program?

CCTV supports officers by providing surveillance coverage and recorded evidence (Correct answer)
CCTV is only useful after an incident occurs
CCTV replaces the need for security officers
CCTV is used exclusively to monitor employees

Correct answer: CCTV supports officers by providing surveillance coverage and recorded evidence

CCTV enhances security by extending surveillance reach and providing recorded footage for incident investigation.

Question 54: Which of the following is part of a well-prepared emergency response plan?

Pre-approved instructions for media communication
Evacuation routes and designated assembly points
A list of emergency contacts and their roles
All of the above (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All of the above

A comprehensive emergency response plan includes multiple critical components to ensure an organized and effective reaction to various incidents. This encompasses clear communication protocols, such as a list of emergency contacts and their roles, detailed safety procedures like evacuation routes and designated assembly points, and defined responsibilities for all personnel involved. All these elements are vital for minimizing harm and managing emergencies efficiently.

Question 55: Which of the following is a security guard's responsibility when monitoring access control systems?

Preventing authorized individuals from entering
Reporting and documenting any irregularities or breaches (Correct answer)
Repairing technical issues with the system
Reprogramming the access system as needed

Correct answer: Reporting and documenting any irregularities or breaches

A security guard's responsibility when monitoring access control systems is primarily observational and responsive. They are tasked with diligently watching the system for any unusual activity, unauthorized access attempts, or system malfunctions. Crucially, they must accurately report and document any irregularities or breaches according to established procedures, ensuring that security incidents are recorded and addressed.

Question 56: Which of the following is an example of passive crowd control?

Officers physically pushing people back
Shouting orders at the crowd
Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention (Correct answer)
Closing the event early

Correct answer: Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention

Passive crowd control uses environmental design—barriers, signs, and lighting—to influence behavior without direct officer involvement.

Question 57: Individuals holding an individual license in the province of Alberta may not refer to themselves as:

Investigator
Peace Officer (Correct answer)
Patrol Supervisor
Security Guard

Correct answer: Peace Officer

Individuals holding an individual security license in Alberta are explicitly prohibited from referring to themselves as 'Peace Officers.' Peace officers have specific legal powers and authorities granted under federal or provincial legislation (e.g., police officers, RCMP, certain bylaw officers). Security professionals, while having certain powers, do not hold the designation of a peace officer.

Question 58: While on duty at a shopping mall, a security professional observes an individual shoplifting. According to the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the security professional's authority in this situation?

They must obtain a warrant before they can take any action.
They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence. (Correct answer)
They are only authorized to observe and report and cannot detain the individual.
They have the same authority as a police officer to make an arrest.

Correct answer: They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence.

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, any person, including a security professional, may arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. Shoplifting is considered an indictable offence. The security professional is acting as a private citizen in this capacity and must deliver the arrested person to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 59: When a security guard first approaches a potentially aggressive person, what should their initial response be?

Physically restrain the person immediately to prevent harm
Use verbal communication and attempt to calm the situation (Correct answer)
Call for backup before making any contact
Issue a written warning and withdraw

Correct answer: Use verbal communication and attempt to calm the situation

The first step in conflict resolution is verbal communication — talking calmly can often resolve a situation without any physical intervention.

Question 60: Which of the following is the best example of an emergency procedure for a fire?

Waiting for law enforcement before taking action
Locking the building to prevent theft during the fire
Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department (Correct answer)
Attempting to extinguish all fires immediately

Correct answer: Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department

In a fire emergency, the immediate priorities are life safety and alerting professional responders. The best action for a security guard is to facilitate the safe evacuation of occupants to designated assembly points and promptly contact the fire department. Attempting to extinguish all fires is dangerous and should only be done if the fire is small, contained, and the guard is trained and equipped to do so without risk.

Question 61: Which of the following BEST describes the primary difference between criminal law and civil law in the Canadian legal system?

Criminal law involves federal statutes, while civil law is exclusively based on provincial statutes.
The standard of proof in criminal law is a 'balance of probabilities', whereas in civil law it is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'.
Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations. (Correct answer)
Criminal law cases are heard in the Court of King's Bench, while civil cases are heard in the Provincial Court.

Correct answer: Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations.

Criminal law deals with offences against the state or society as a whole (e.g., theft, assault) and aims to punish offenders. Civil law addresses private disputes between parties (e.g., contract breaches, property damage) and seeks to provide compensation or remedies.

Question 62: What should a security guard do immediately after using physical force on a subject?

Document the incident thoroughly and notify their supervisor (Correct answer)
Continue patrolling without interruption
Confiscate the subject's personal belongings as evidence
Leave the scene to avoid further confrontation

Correct answer: Document the incident thoroughly and notify their supervisor

After any use of force, a security guard must document the incident in detail and notify their supervisor to ensure accountability and legal protection.

Question 63: What is the main legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest in Alberta?

The Trespass to Premises
The Private Security Regulation Act
The Police Act
The Criminal Code of Canada (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Criminal Code of Canada

In Canada, the primary legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest, often referred to as a citizen's arrest, is derived from the Criminal Code of Canada. Section 494 of this federal legislation outlines the specific conditions under which any person, including a security guard, may lawfully arrest an individual. While other provincial acts govern security operations, the power to arrest stems from federal criminal law.

Question 64: What is a 'clocking system' (guard tour system) used for in security patrol?

Measuring how fast an officer walks
Recording visitor check-ins
Verifying that an officer physically visited specific checkpoints during their patrol (Correct answer)
Tracking employee work hours

Correct answer: Verifying that an officer physically visited specific checkpoints during their patrol

Guard tour systems use checkpoints to verify and log that an officer completed their patrol route as required.

Question 65: While on duty, a security professional is advised by their employer's policy not to physically intervene in any situation. However, they witness a serious assault in progress. Under the Criminal Code, what is the security professional's legal standing?

Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations. (Correct answer)
They are granted the same intervention powers as a peace officer in this scenario.
They must adhere strictly to the employer's policy and can be charged if they intervene.
They are only permitted to intervene if the victim is a client or employee on the property.

Correct answer: Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations.

A security professional's powers of arrest and use of force are derived from the Criminal Code, which applies to all private citizens. While company policy is important, the Criminal Code provides legal authority to act (e.g., make a citizen's arrest, use reasonable force to prevent an offence) that is independent of employer policy. A restrictive policy does not remove these legal rights, although acting against policy may have employment consequences.

Question 66: A security professional in Alberta is required to present their license upon request. Which of the following parties is NOT explicitly mentioned as someone they must show their license to?

An on-duty firefighter (Correct answer)
A member of the public
A police officer
Their direct supervisor

Correct answer: An on-duty firefighter

While it is good practice to cooperate with all emergency services, legislation like Ontario's similar Private Security and Investigative Services Act, which mirrors common requirements, specifies that a license must be shown to police, employers, and any member of the public who asks. There is no specific legal requirement to present it to a firefighter unless they are acting in a law enforcement capacity.

Question 67: In the event of a medical emergency where a person is found unresponsive, what is the primary role of an ABST-certified security professional who does NOT have advanced medical training?

Move the person to a more comfortable location before calling for help.
Search the individual's belongings for medical identification or information.
Secure the scene to ensure the safety of the victim and bystanders, and call for professional medical help. (Correct answer)
Administer CPR and first aid immediately, regardless of training level.

Correct answer: Secure the scene to ensure the safety of the victim and bystanders, and call for professional medical help.

The primary role of a security professional in a medical emergency is to ensure the scene is safe for everyone, prevent further harm, and activate the professional emergency response system (i.e., call 911 or the site's emergency number). Unless specifically trained and certified in first aid/CPR, they should not perform medical interventions, as this could cause further injury.

Question 68: What is the correct response when an access card fails to work?

Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization (Correct answer)
Deny entry and report the incident
Allow the person entry if they claim they are authorized
Disable the entire access control system

Correct answer: Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization

When an access card fails, a security guard should not automatically grant or deny entry. The correct procedure is to request verification of the individual's identity through alternative means, such as a photo ID, and confirm their authorization to access the area. This ensures that security protocols are maintained while addressing legitimate access issues and allows for reporting any system malfunctions.

Question 69: Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of conducting regular security patrols?

To project an image of authority to the public.
To deter, detect, and respond to potential security incidents. (Correct answer)
To ensure employees are following company policies.
To provide customer service and directions to visitors.

Correct answer: To deter, detect, and respond to potential security incidents.

The core function of security patrols is to prevent incidents from happening (deter), identify any unusual or unauthorized activity (detect), and take appropriate action when an incident occurs (respond). While other options can be secondary duties, the primary goal is always focused on security and safety.

Question 70: A security professional is patrolling a private property and witnesses an individual breaking into a vehicle. According to Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the most appropriate initial action for the security professional to take?

Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement. (Correct answer)
Verbally confront the individual and demand they return any stolen items.
Use any force necessary to immediately subdue and search the individual.
Observe from a distance and wait for the property owner to arrive before acting.

Correct answer: Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement.

Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada allows any person, including a security professional, to arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. After making a citizen's arrest, the individual must be delivered to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 71: Which of the following is considered proper professional conduct for a security officer on patrol?

Using personal headphones to pass the time
Checking personal social media on patrol
Remaining alert, maintaining a professional appearance, and engaging courteously with people encountered (Correct answer)
Sitting down whenever possible to conserve energy

Correct answer: Remaining alert, maintaining a professional appearance, and engaging courteously with people encountered

Alertness, professionalism, and courteous engagement reflect the standards expected of a licensed security officer.

Question 72: When controlling an unruly crowd, a security officer should first:

Attempt verbal de-escalation and clear communication (Correct answer)
Lock all exits
Use physical force to disperse the crowd
Call police immediately

Correct answer: Attempt verbal de-escalation and clear communication

Verbal de-escalation is always the first step before escalating to other measures.

Question 73: Which law governs a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property in Alberta?

The Criminal Code of Canada
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Private Security Regulation Act
The Trespass to Premises Act (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Trespass to Premises Act

In Alberta, a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property is primarily governed by the provincial Trespass to Premises Act. This legislation defines what constitutes trespassing and grants property owners, or their authorized agents, the legal right to remove individuals who are unlawfully present on their land. It provides the legal framework for managing access and maintaining order on private property.

Question 74: The hazard assessment should be an ongoing process.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Hazard assessment is not a one-time event but a continuous process. Work environments and conditions can change, introducing new hazards or altering existing ones. Regular and ongoing hazard assessments ensure that potential risks are continuously identified, evaluated, and controlled, maintaining a safe working environment for security professionals and others.

Question 75: Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, after performing a citizen's arrest, a security guard must:

Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible (Correct answer)
Detain the person indefinitely until a court date
Impose a fine and release the individual
Hold the person until the property owner decides what to do

Correct answer: Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible

After a citizen's arrest, the law requires the arresting person to deliver the detained individual to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible.

Alberta Basic Security Training Exam

This exam certifies individuals to work as security guards in Alberta, ensuring they possess the foundational knowledge required for the role.

Questions

60 min

Time Limit

60%

To Pass

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