Test Flashcards

When ascites is observed, an ultrasound should be followed by a diagnostic paracentesis. Albumin and total protein should be measured as part of the ascitic fluid study, and when infection is suspected, bacterial cultures and cell counts should be evaluated.

Answer: most cost-effective study to detect the presence of ascites

The most cost-effective study to detect the presence of ascites is a physical examination combined with a simple imaging technique called ultrasound. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and widely available imaging modality that can accurately detect the presence of ascites by visualizing fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.

Near the medial plantar heel surface, there is pain and discomfort. Pain often strikes right after waking up and after a lengthy period of relaxation.

Answer: Plantar fasciitis

The symptoms you described are consistent with plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis is a common condition characterized by pain and tenderness near the medial plantar heel surface. The pain is often most noticeable in the morning upon awakening or after prolonged periods of rest, and it can gradually improve with walking and activity.

Anemia due to a lack of iron Typically, transferrin saturation is lower.

Answer: 15%

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation is usually less than 15%. Transferrin saturation is a measure of the amount of iron bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. It is calculated by dividing the serum iron level by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and multiplying by 100.

Each year, upper endoscopy is recommended for individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis and MYH-associated polyposis to monitor the development of duodenal cancer.

Answer: 1 to 5 years at an interval based on the stage of the duodenal polyposis.

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation is usually less than 15%. Transferrin saturation is a measure of the amount of iron bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. It is calculated by dividing the serum iron level by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and multiplying by 100.

Antimicrobial medications and bismuth should be avoided for ____ before testing in order to increase the diagnostic precision of the urea breath test and fecal antigen test.

Answer: 28 days

To improve the diagnostic accuracy of the urea breath test and fecal antigen test for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection, antimicrobial agents and bismuth should be avoided for 28 days before testing. These substances can interfere with the accuracy of the tests and may lead to false-negative results. It is important to withhold any antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), bismuth-containing medications, and other medications that can suppress or eradicate H. pylori during this period to ensure accurate test results. The specific duration of avoidance may vary depending on the specific test being used and the recommendations of the healthcare provider. It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for specific instructions regarding medication and dietary restrictions before undergoing H. pylori diagnostic testing.

Angiography, since it allows for therapeutic intervention by embolization and can detect bleeding.

Answer: In patients with active overt gastrointestinal bleeding, the treatment is

In a patient with active, overt gastrointestinal bleeding, angiography is the treatment of choice because it can localize the bleeding source and stop it via embolization in the same procedure, particularly when endoscopy fails. The other options describe unrelated conditions (MGUS follow-up, gout therapy, portopulmonary hypertension) and don't address active GI bleeding.

To make the diagnosis, imaging using an MRI is required for early-stage diseases, whereas simple radiographs are required for late-stage diseases.

Answer: Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) of the femoral head dx

To establish the diagnosis of osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) of the femoral head, imaging studies are necessary. The choice of imaging modality depends on the stage of the disease and the specific clinical scenario.